Why Is Colletotrichum Acutatum a Quarantine Organism, and C. Gloeosporioides and C. Fragariae Are Not?

Bosshard, E.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1997.439.132

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These symptoms can be caused by Colletotrichum acutatum , C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides (Freeman et al ., 1998). However, only C. acutatum (teleomorph: Glomerella acutata ) is classified as a quarantine organism on strawberries in the EU (Bosshard, 1997). The symptoms caused by the three Colletotrichum species named above can be very similar, but given the implications of finding a quarantine organism, it is critical to be able to accurately distinguish them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative detection and monitoring of Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry leaves using real‐time PCR

Debode

Hemelrijck²,

Baeyen

et al. 2009

Plant Pathology

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Real-time PCR assays for Colletotrichum acutatum , one of the most important pathogens of strawberry worldwide, were developed using primers designed to the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (rDNA ITS1) and the β -tubulin 2 gene. Using TaqMan technology, the ITS-based assay could reliably detect as little as 50 fg genomic DNA, 100 copies of target DNA, or 25 conidia. The β -tubulin-based assay was c . 66 times less sensitive, and therefore less suitable for detection purposes. The TaqMan-ITS assay recognized all C. acutatum isolates tested from various intraspecific molecular groups, while no amplification was observed with several other Colletotrichum species or other strawberry pathogens, indicating the specificity of this assay. Detection and quantification of C. acutatum was demonstrated in artificially and naturally infected strawberry leaves. First, C. acutatum was detected in plant mixes of which only 0·001% of the tissue was infected by C. acutatum . Secondly, real-time PCR analysis of leaf samples taken at various times after inoculation indicated that the assay allowed monitoring of growth progression of C. acutatum . This real-time PCR-mediated monitoring of the pathogen was well-correlated with microscopic data, and confirmed that leaf age may play a role in the extent of C. acutatum infection. Finally, the assay allowed detection of C. acutatum in naturally infected and symptomless strawberry leaves collected from production fields and planting material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative detection and monitoring of Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry leaves using real‐time PCR

Debode

Hemelrijck²,

Baeyen

et al. 2009

Plant Pathology

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“…In Bulgaria, no detailed study regarding the inter‐ and intra‐specific diversity of the Colletotrichum species population has been performed to date. This issue has an added administrative significance, as C. acutatum is included in the list of quarantine diseases for Bulgaria as well as for many other European countries (Bossard, 1997). After large‐scale field surveys during the 2004 and 2005 seasons, anthracnose was registered in seven of eight visited districts and it was established that plants in almost half of the strawberry fields were infected (Jelev and Bobev, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Causing Strawberry Anthracnose in Bulgaria

Jelev¹,

Bobev²,

Minz³

et al. 2008

Journal of Phytopathology

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Strawberry anthracnose was first reported in Bulgaria in 2002, subsequently reaching disease epidemic proportions in production fields from 2004. Isolates of Colletotrichum species from different strawberry cultivars (112), pepper (2), tomato (1), and the weed species Cirsium arvense (1), Abuthilon theophrasti (1) and Rumex obtusifolius (1) growing adjacent to cultivated strawberry fields, were characterized by morphological criteria and by various molecular methods. Morphological characterization defined all the isolates as Colletotrichum acutatum, which was ultimately confirmed by species‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. No PCR products were amplified using Colletotrichum gloeosporioides specific primers. Arbitrarily primed PCR determined that all the studied isolates, regardless of which plant species they originated from, were uniform indicating that they belong to an asexually reproducing population. Sequence analysis of the complete ITS (ITS 1 – 5.8S – ITS 2) region further identified the pathogen populations as C. acutatum and grouped them within the previously defined subgroup II, ‘Ca‐clonal’, which is uniform. Pathogenicity tests and alternate host infections imply that cross‐inoculation of C. acutatum between strawberry and other susceptible hosts is occurring under field conditions.

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“…The control of Colletotrichum diseases of strawberry requires a combination of chemical, cultural and genetic methods but regular pesticide applications are environmental contaminants and are not yet considered an appropriate cultivation practice. In Europe, C. acutatum is considered as a quarantine organism (Barrau et al 2001, Bosshard 1997, Denoyes-Rothan and Baudry 1995, Freeman and Katan 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of strawberry genes differentially expressed in response to Colletotrichum infection

Casado-Díaz

Encinas-Villarejo

Santos

et al. 2006

Physiologia Plantarum

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Important losses in strawberry production are caused by species of the fungus Colletotrichum, the causal agent of anthracnose. However, very limited studies at molecular level exist of the mechanisms related to strawberry susceptibility against this pathogen. We have analysed a moderately resistant cultivar (cv. Andana) together with a very susceptible one (cv. Camarosa) during the process of infection with Colletotrichum acutatum at a molecular level. To gain insight into this interaction we have identified a large number of strawberry genes involved in signalling, transcriptional control, defence and many genes with unknown function with altered expression in response to C. acutatum infection. Spatial and temporal gene expression profiles after infection showed that the response was dependant on the tissue and cultivar analysed and also quicker and/or stronger in the moderately resistant cultivar (cv. Andana) than in the susceptible one (cv. Camarosa). Interestingly, we found that genes described as being induced during pathogen infection such as g-thionins, peroxidases, chitinases and b-1-3-glucanases were downregulated in fruit and/ or crown tissues of the very susceptible cultivar. Our results yielded a first insight on some of the genes responding to this plant-pathogen interaction at molecular level and suggest that pathogen progression can be dependent upon a reduction of the active defences of strawberry and this is genotype and tissue dependent.

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Why Is Colletotrichum Acutatum a Quarantine Organism, and C. Gloeosporioides and C. Fragariae Are Not?

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative detection and monitoring of Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry leaves using real‐time PCR

Quantitative detection and monitoring of Colletotrichum acutatum in strawberry leaves using real‐time PCR

Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Causing Strawberry Anthracnose in Bulgaria

Analysis of strawberry genes differentially expressed in response to Colletotrichum infection

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