Why is cleistogamy a selected reproductive strategy in Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)?

LU, YINGQING

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2002.tb01705.x

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…While previous studies have reported several environmental factors that induce CL flowers (Lord 1982;Simpson et al 1985;Bell & Quinn 1987;Trapp & Hendrix 1988;Kenworthy et al 1989;Kawano et al 1990;Le Corff 1993;Mattila & Salonen 1995), this is the first report on the affect of chilling on CL flowering. CL and CH flowering was correlated with plant size, as reported previously (Clay 1982;Antlfiger et al 1985;Schnee & Waller 1986;Jasieniuk & Lechowicz 1987;Trapp & Hendrix 1988;Kawano et al 1990;Berg & Redbo-Torstensson 1998;Diaz & Macnair 1998;Lu 2002). However, the correlation between CL or CH flower determination and plant size varies among plant species.…”

Section: E F F E C T S O F C H I L L I N G O N C L a N D C H F L O W supporting

confidence: 81%

Ecogenomics of cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowering: genome‐wide gene expression patterns from cross‐species microarray analysis in Cardamine kokaiensis (Brassicaceae)

et al. 2008

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Summary 1.Cleistogamy is a mating system found in approximately 300 species of flowering plants. Cleistogamous plants produce closed (cleistogamous, CL) flowers that require obligate selfpollination and open (chasmogamous, CH) flowers that allow for outcross-pollination. CL and CH flowers are induced by various environmental factors; this appears to be an adaptive mating strategy in unpredictable environments. 2. We examined the molecular basis of CL and CH flowering in Cardamine kokaiensis , which is closely related to the model flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana . CL and CH flowering should be regulated by gene expression that is dependent on environmental conditions. By elucidating the molecular basis of CL and CH flowering, we can determine the changes in gene regulatory networks involved in the transition from CH to CL flowering. Furthermore, these results may help clarify the molecular evolutionary mechanisms leading to cleistogamy. 3. We regulated CL and CH flowering of C. kokaiensis using chilling treatments in a growth chamber. In a control treatment without chilling, C. kokaiensis produced CH and intermediate (INT) flowers. Long chilling of seedlings led to INT flowers, while long chilling of seeds induced the formation of CL flowers. Chilling seeds, and to a lesser extent of seedlings, induced early flowering and small plant size at flowering. 4. We also conducted a cross-species microarray analysis to compare gene expression patterns between CL and CH flowers using genomic DNA-based probe-selection strategy in an A. thaliana microarray. In this result, 69 genes, including genes related to floral development, auxin, flowering time, cold-stress, and drought-stress, were differentially expressed between CL and CH flowers. 5. Synthesis . This is the first report on the molecular basis of cleistogamy. We hypothesize that the interaction between the genetic network of the chilling response and that of floral development has been important in the evolution of cleistogamy in C. kokaiensis . Our results help to clarify the molecular basis for the evolution of plant mating systems that depend on environmental conditions.

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Section: E F F E C T S O F C H I L L I N G O N C L a N D C H F L O W supporting

confidence: 81%

Ecogenomics of cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowering: genome‐wide gene expression patterns from cross‐species microarray analysis in Cardamine kokaiensis (Brassicaceae)

et al. 2008

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“…These benefi ts could be realized though greater fi tness of outcrossed than of selfed ovules or by contributions of CH fl owers to male fi tness or by both. In an alternative scenario specifi c to cleistogamous species, Lu (2002) proposed that the potential for outcrossing to relieve fi xed genetic load could maintain production of CH fl owers despite their greater cost and lower reliability. Applied to cleistogamous species, this scenario suggests that CH fl owers are maintained primarily to export pollen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maintenance of mixed mating by cleistogamy in the perennial violet Viola septemloba (Violaceae)

Winn¹,

Moriuchi²

2009

American J of Botany

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The production of both potentially outcrossed (chasmogamous) and obligately self-fertilized (cleistogamous) flowers presents a clear exception to the prediction that the only evolutionarily stable mating systems are complete selfing and complete outcrossing. Although cleistogamy has evolved repeatedly, the reason for its stability is not known for any species. We tested the hypothesis that the production of cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers by a perennial violet constitutes adaptive phenotypic plasticity. We manipulated the season of flowering for each flower type and determined fruit set and the germination percentage of seeds produced by cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers to test the hypothesis that adaptive plastic response to seasonal environmental variation makes mixed mating stable. Cleistogamous flowers had greater fruit set in all seasons and produced seeds with germination percentages as great as or greater than those from chasmogamous flowers. The consistent advantage of cleistogamous flowers is clearly not consistent with a role of adaptive plastic response to seasonal variation. The biomass cost of seed production by chasmogamous flowers was nearly three times that for cleistogamous flowers. Explaining why chasmogamous flower have not been eliminated by natural selection requires that this difference be balanced by an advantage to chasmogamous flowers that has not yet been identified.

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“…The latter would imply that selfed offspring have low fitness and usurp ovules otherwise available for outcrossing (reviewed in Barrett 2003). With the possible exception of plants producing a mixture of cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers (Lu 2002), there has been no convincing demonstration that a mixed-mating system observed in nature is optimal for that species. For instance, Kalisz et al (2004) showed that higher rates of selfing in years of low pollinator availability benefit Collinsia verna, but the generally high outcrossing rates in that species are difficult to explain given the low (Ͻ0.5) estimates of inbreeding depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Plant Mating Systems: Study Bias Against Obligately Outcrossing Species

2006

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Early models of plant mating-system evolution argued that predominant outcrossing and selfing are alternative stable states. At least for animal-pollinated species, recent summaries of empirical studies have suggested the opposite-that outcrossing rates do not show the expected bimodal distribution. However, it is generally accepted that several potential biases can affect conclusions from surveys of published outcrossing rates. Here, we examine one potential bias and find that published studies of outcrossing rates contain far fewer obligate outcrossers than expected. We approximate the magnitude of this study bias and present the distribution of outcrossing rates after compensating for it. Because this study examines only one potential bias, and finds it to be large, conclusions regarding either the frequency of mixed mating or the shape of the distribution of outcrossing rates in nature are premature.

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Why is cleistogamy a selected reproductive strategy in Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)?

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Ecogenomics of cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowering: genome‐wide gene expression patterns from cross‐species microarray analysis in Cardamine kokaiensis (Brassicaceae)

Ecogenomics of cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowering: genome‐wide gene expression patterns from cross‐species microarray analysis in Cardamine kokaiensis (Brassicaceae)

The maintenance of mixed mating by cleistogamy in the perennial violet Viola septemloba (Violaceae)

The Distribution of Plant Mating Systems: Study Bias Against Obligately Outcrossing Species

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