Why is adolescent drinking declining? A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Vashishtha, Rakhi; Livingston, Michael; Pennay, Amy; Dietze, Paul; MacLean, Sarah; Holmes, John; Herring, Rachel; Caluzzi, Gabriel; Lubman, Dan I.

doi:10.1080/16066359.2019.1663831

Cited by 99 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Our results support findings in other studies, suggesting changes in the normative climate around drinking among young people, increased emphasis on academic achievement and a disciplined way of life, and a more health-oriented lifestyle as explanations for non-drinking [1,[7][8][9][10]. They also align with Kraus et al [10] who hypothesise that changes in the social position of alcohol are related to how its perceived negative effects do not fit with an increasingly healthoriented youth culture, and also to changes in technology, social norms and family relationships.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Our finding that close and friendly relationships between adolescents and their parents may impact adolescents' non-drinking expands findings from previous survey studies, suggesting stricter parental monitoring and rules as one explanation for the downward trend in drinking among adolescents [8,9,20,27,28]. In the current study, adolescents described their parents as monitoring, and emotionally close and supportive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…These include: better enforcement of the minimum legal age for alcohol purchase; changes in social norms related to drinking among young people and immigration from non-drinking cultures; a more competitive society with an emphasis on academic achievement and a disciplined way of life; a more health-oriented lifestyle; changes in parenting and parental norms; lower affordability and the rise of internet-based technologies [1,[7][8][9][10]. There are still rather few empirical studies assessing whether, or to what extent, one or more of these explanations are valid [1,9,11]. The most convincing evidence in this respect pertains to the importance of stricter parental monitoring and rules [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normalisation of non‐drinking? 15–16‐year‐olds' accounts of refraining from alcohol

Scheffels

Buvik

Tokle

et al. 2020

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction and Aims In many countries, adolescents' drinking has decreased substantially over recent years. This study aims to explore Norwegian adolescents' accounts of refraining from drinking alcohol and how their explanations are contextualised. Design and Methods Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 95 adolescents aged 15–16 years (50 females), recruited from six schools in Norway. Interviews examined perceptions and experience of alcohol use, and how non‐drinking was reasoned for. Results The adolescents' accounts of refraining from alcohol were sorted into three categories: (i) influence from non‐drinking peers and negative social norms towards alcohol use: non‐drinking was described as the norm in their age group; (ii) legal age and relationship to parents: age limits and parents' disapproval of drinking was perceived as justifiable; and (iii) non‐drinking to sustain control: alcohol use was perceived as implying loss of control of self‐presentation in specific situations, and risk of negative exposure on social media. It was also seen as implying risk of loss of control of future achievement in school or sports. Discussion and Conclusions The adolescents' explanations for non‐drinking indicated a devaluation in the social position of alcohol among younger adolescents. Non‐drinking was described as majority behaviour and fitting in with a life orientation towards both present‐day and future achievement. Their accounts pointed towards a normative effect of age limits on buying alcohol and highlighted the significance of emotional closeness and open communication about alcohol with parents. The results indicate a differentiated normalisation of non‐drinking in this age group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normalisation of non‐drinking? 15–16‐year‐olds' accounts of refraining from alcohol

Scheffels

Buvik

Tokle

et al. 2020

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…This fits a broader picture of improved parenting and family relationships. Parents' knowledge about their adolescent offspring's whereabouts has increased, and alcohol-specific parenting practices have become more restrictive [6,[11][12][13]. At least in the Nordic countries, it seems that young people want to perform better at school than previously, with higher academic ambitions [8,32], which fits our findings of more school conscientiousness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Decline in adolescent drinking: Some possible explanations

Rossow

Pape

Torgersen

2020

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction and Aims Adolescent drinking has decreased in numerous high‐income countries in the 2000s, and how to explain this downward trend is far from clear. Focussing on the decline in drinking to intoxication among youth in Norway, we examined the following potential explanatory factors: family/home‐based and peer‐oriented leisure‐time activities, perceived parental drinking, drug substitution, school conscientiousness and delinquency. Design and Methods Data stemmed from cross‐sectional surveys of adolescents aged 13–17 years in the four largest cities in Norway in 2002 (n = 1204) and in 2013/2015 (n = 31 441). We examined the extent to which the decline in intoxication prevalence was attributable to the possible explanatory variables using logistic regression analysis. Results The proportion reporting any past‐year intoxication episodes dropped markedly from 2002 (41%) to 2013/2015 (22%). Family/home‐oriented leisure‐time activities and school conscientiousness increased, whereas hanging out with friends in the evening and delinquent behaviours decreased. These factors together accounted for 43% of this decline. Decrease in going out with friends was the most important factor. We found no empirical support for assumptions that perceived parental drinking or drug substitution had contributed to the decrease in drinking to intoxication. Discussion and Conclusions Since the millennium shift, urban adolescents in Norway have become more home‐, family‐ and school‐oriented, and less involved in unsupervised socialising with peers and delinquency. These changes may have contributed to some of the reduction in the prevalence of intoxication in this population group.

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“…To the extent that increased time spent using the web and engaging in social media is changing perceptions and practices related to alcohol, this topic should be a priority for future research efforts. For example, substitution between intoxicants is often a consideration when exploring alcohol trends and evaluating the effectiveness of policy (Moore 2010), and while young people do not appear to be substituting alcohol with other drugs (Vashishtha et al 2019), they may be substituting web-based forms of intoxication for alcohol intoxication, And it may be that less faceto-face interaction, while positively influencing harmful consumption in one direction, is negatively influencing well-being in another. Given also the fact that the alcohol industry has shifted a significant load of their marketing to online spaces (Nicholls 2012), research on the varied and complex interactions between drinking and digital technology use is needed.…”

Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supranational changes in drinking patterns: factors in explanatory models of substantial and parallel social change

Room

Greenfield

Holmes

et al. 2019

Addiction Research & Theory

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T noted in 1981, in the wake of a 30-year rise in drinking in European and other societies with a strong temperance history. In the last 30 years, there has been a long fall in consumption in southern European wine cultures. Now there is a sustained drop in drinking among youth in most of Europe, Australia and north America. Can such changes be understood in a common frame? In terms of inexorable historical phenomena or forces, like Kondratieff waves? In terms of a dialectic between market interests and government policies to limit public harm? In terms of generational shifts, with a younger generation reacting against the habits of an older? Such conceptual models for understanding the dynamics of social change are examined and compared in terms of their potential contribution in explaining how substantial changes in levels of consumption occur, and when and how they are roughly in concert in different societies.

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Why is adolescent drinking declining? A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Why is adolescent drinking declining? A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Cited by 99 publications

References 82 publications

Normalisation of non‐drinking? 15–16‐year‐olds' accounts of refraining from alcohol

Normalisation of non‐drinking? 15–16‐year‐olds' accounts of refraining from alcohol

Decline in adolescent drinking: Some possible explanations

Supranational changes in drinking patterns: factors in explanatory models of substantial and parallel social change

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