Why irregular migrants arrive and remain: the role of intermediaries

Abstract

Why irregular migrants arrive and remain: the role of intermediaries Article No: CJMS1260442 Enclosures: 1) Query sheet 2) Article proofs Dear Author,1. Please check these proofs carefully. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to check these and approve or amend them. A second proof is not normally provided. Taylor & Francis cannot be held responsible for uncorrected errors, even if introduced during the production process.Once your corrections have been added to the article, it will be considered ready for publication.Please limit changes at this stage to the correction of errors. You should not make trivial changes, improve prose style, add new material, or delete existing material at this stage. You may be charged if your corrections are excessive (we would not expect corrections to exceed 30 changes).For detailed guidance on how to check your proofs, please paste this address into a new browser window: http://journalauthors.tandf.co.uk/production/checkingproofs.asp Your PDF proof file has been enabled so that you can comment on the proof directly using Adobe Acrobat. If you wish to do this, please save the file to your hard disk first. For further information on marking corrections using Acrobat, please paste this address into a new browser window: http:// journalauthors.tandf.co.uk/production/acrobat.asp 2. Please review the table of contributors below and confirm that the first and last names are structured correctly and that the authors are listed in the correct order of contribution. This check is to ensure that your name will appear correctly online and when the article is indexed.Sequence Prefix Given name(s) Surname Suffix 1 Maurizio AmbrosiniQueries are marked in the margins of the proofs, and you can also click the hyperlinks below. Content changes made during copy-editing are shown as tracked changes. Inserted text is in red font and revisions have a red indicator . Changes can also be viewed using the list comments function.To correct the proofs, you should insert or delete text following the instructions below, but do not add comments to the existing tracked changes.

Beyond the deportation regime: differential state interests and capacities in dealing with (non-) deportability in Europe

“…States want to deal with migrants in ways benefiting the economy, being more welcoming to migrants, including asylum migrants (Neumayer 2005), in times of labour shortages, while possibly being less inclined to enforce admission requirements then, in order to not obstruct the inclusion of irregular migrants on secondary labour markets (cf. Ambrosini 2017). When other interests are held constant, a state's interest to enforce irregular migrants' departure will therefore be inversely related to the size of its informal economy, and, relatedly, the domestic demand for flexible, unskilled labour.…”

“…Van der Heijden 2011). Such opportunities are considerably more limited in countries with a liberal and/or large informal economy, which include the Southern-European countries (Ambrosini 2017). The power of the rule of law and the judiciary system may similarly affect interests and capacities.…”

Territorial Ironies: Deservingness as a Struggle for Migrant Legitimacy in Belgium

“…Formal exclusion can be overcome by demonstrating de facto inclusioncrucially, this shows how rules can be subverted and redefined by the initiative of individuals, in this case the immigrants (Ambrosini, 2015). The chance that an individual will be legalised is also affected by their actions and those of their networks (Ambrosini 2017).…”

Providing social protection to mobile populations: symbiotic relationships between migrants and welfare institutions

“…In addition migrants' own tactics, research has also focused on compassionate civil servants (Ambrosini 2017), who might use their discretion to interpret rules in a manner that allows for the provision of certain services, even to undocumented migrants (Barberis and Boccagni 2014;Björngren-Cuadra and Staaf 2014). While the current discourse and policies aim at preventing irregular migration, local authorities must address the realities of undocumented migration and use their discretion to navigate a static welfare system (Ambrosini 2017;Gendera 2011;Verloo 2017). Such discretion allows for significantly inclusive, but ambiguous, mechanisms and interactions, which give way to uncertain frameworks or so-called foggy social structures (Bommes and Kolb 2002).…”

“…Whereas national and European political strategies aim at preventing irregular migration, local authorities must address the existence of undocumented migrants, and appeals are made to their compassion when they use their discretion to navigate a static welfare system. This situation results in inclusive, yet ambiguous, mechanisms (Ambrosini 2017; Barberis and Boccagni 2014;Gendera 2011;Verloo 2017) or 'foggy social structures' (Bommes and Kolb 2002). Rather than drawing such clear-cut dichotomies into these interactionsmigrants sneaking their way into the formal system and street-level bureaucrats helping them out of compassionwe argue that there are clear symbiotic elements in such interactions, in that both parties can benefit from them.…”