Why Institutions Matter: Empirical Data from Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries Indicate the Critical Role of Institutions for Orphans

Gray, Christine L.; Ariely, Sumedha Gupta; Pence, Brian W.; Whetten, Kathryn

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57990-0_18

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The observed impact of organizational structure and funding source on the work performance and health of caregivers in CHs, also has implications for the growth and welfare of the children (Gray et al 2017). Our findings show the care quality children in the CHs receive is likely to differ with children in the private-funded CHs standing a better chance of receiving good quality care.…”

Section: Organizational Formmentioning

confidence: 62%

The Impact of Organizational Structure and Funding Sources on the Work and Health of Employed Caregivers in Children’s Homes in Ghana

2018

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The strategies by which work is organized and carried out and the sources from which organizations obtain funding and other resources for their operations may influence employee outcomes including work performance and health. This study explored how organizational structure (dormitory vs family unit) and funding sources (government vs private) influence the work and health of individuals employed as caregivers in children's homes in Ghana. Using qualitative research techniques we collected data from fifty-seven caregivers across three children's homes in Ghana. We found that the structure adopted by children's homes influence caregiver work performance by increasing work stress levels, complicating some caregivers' ability to bond with the children and limiting the amount of time that some caregivers have to spend with their own families. These influences then exposed caregivers to physical, mental and social health risk factors including injuries from slips and falls, mental strain, and loss of social support. We also found that funding source influence the frequency of training caregivers receive, the extent of help caregivers receive with their own healthcare costs as well as the extent to which caregivers utilize international regulations like child rights principles in doing their jobs. Our findings suggest a need for stakeholder reconsideration of work design and strategizing for the homes taking into account caregiver health and well-being.

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Section: Organizational Formmentioning

confidence: 62%

The Impact of Organizational Structure and Funding Sources on the Work and Health of Employed Caregivers in Children’s Homes in Ghana

2018

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“…For example, Whetten and colleagues [15] conducted a longitudinal cohort study in this line of research and followed almost 3000 orphans and separated children. They found that children in institution-based care are no worse off than children in family-based care and challenged calls for global deinstitutionalization and implementation of policies supporting household-based care as the gold standard [16] (p. 379). In other words, although the setting of care (institution vs. family) did not predict cognitive development and mental/physical health outcomes, the specific material and social treatment provided in those settings did vary and matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Adaptation of the HOME Inventory for Elders: The Importance of the Home Environment Across the Life Course

Hale

Østbye

Perera

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The context in which dependents, regardless of age, receive care affects their health. This study adapted the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory, originally designed for child development research, to assess the quality of stimulation and support available to elders in their habitual households in Sri Lanka. Whether the adapted domains correlated with indicators of health and well-being in ways consistent with the child development literature was then examined. Through mixed-methods research based on 248 household surveys, four focus groups, and 15 interviews, three domains emerged: Physical Environment, Variety of Stimulation, and Emotional and Verbal Responsiveness. Regression modeling revealed that a higher quality physical home environment correlated with two measures of cognitive function after adjusting for covariates, but no consistent association with two psychological well-being scales. In contrast, higher Variety of Stimulation scores correlated with better cognitive function and lower psychological distress. There was no consistent correlation between Responsiveness and selected health outcomes. Qualitative data indicate that elders are active household contributors who strive to achieve harmonious relations with coresident kin. These findings reveal notable synergies between early and late life efforts to improve cognitive and psychological health, and highlight household considerations for future healthy aging research.

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Risky sexual behaviors among orphaned youth in South Africa: findings of the 2017 population-based household survey

Vondo,

Mabaso,

Mehlomakulu

et al. 2023

Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry

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IntroductionIn sub-Saharan Africa, evidence shows that orphaned youth are exposed to more risky sexual behaviors than non-orphaned peers, which increases the chances of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. The fast rises in the prevalence of orphanhood are a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.MethodologyThe data for this secondary analysis were collected through a cross-sectional, multi-stage, stratified, cluster randomized sampling design. Multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was fitted to determine the factors associated with risky sexual behaviors among male and female adolescents and youth aged 12–24 years.ResultsOf 2,556 orphaned participants, 18.3% (95% CI: 14.3–23.0) had two or more sexual partners in the last 12 months, 31.3% (95% CI: 26.3–36.6) reported no condom use at last sex, and 98.3% (95% CI: 96.6–99.2) reported no consistent condom use. The likelihood of reporting multiple sexual partnerships was significantly lower among female adolescents, those residing in rural formal/farm areas, and those who reported sexual debut at age 15 years and was higher among those who reported sexual partners 5 years and older than their age group. The odds of not using a condom at last sex were significantly higher among female adolescents and those who perceived themselves as being at high risk of HIV infection and were significantly lower among those who had sexual debut at age 15 years and older.DiscussionThe findings suggest that there is a need for sexual risk-reduction strategies targeted at orphans, especially male orphans and those residing in urban areas. Such efforts should include behavior change interventions for delaying the age of sexual debut, changing HIV risk perception, mitigating multiple sexual partnerships, age-disparate sexual relationships, and enhancing condom use.

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Why Institutions Matter: Empirical Data from Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries Indicate the Critical Role of Institutions for Orphans

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

The Impact of Organizational Structure and Funding Sources on the Work and Health of Employed Caregivers in Children’s Homes in Ghana

The Impact of Organizational Structure and Funding Sources on the Work and Health of Employed Caregivers in Children’s Homes in Ghana

A Novel Adaptation of the HOME Inventory for Elders: The Importance of the Home Environment Across the Life Course

Risky sexual behaviors among orphaned youth in South Africa: findings of the 2017 population-based household survey

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