Why have birds in the woodlands of Southern Australia declined?

Ford, Hugh; Barrett, G.; Saunders, Denis A.; Recher, Harry F.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00101-4

Cited by 341 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Crossing an agricultural matrix does not provide these bird pollinators with food or shelter, thus will impose an energetic cost. In addition, a fitness cost may be imposed to these birds, as crossing agricultural land may increase their exposure, and thus their predation risk (Ford et al, 2001). Thus, the pollinators may be making movements across the landscape by using small patches of remnant vegetation distributed along roadsides and in paddocks (Figure 1).…”

Section: Resistance To Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating system and early viability resistance to habitat fragmentation in a bird-pollinated eucalypt

et al. 2012

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Habitat fragmentation has been shown to disrupt ecosystem processes such as plant-pollinator mutualisms. Consequently, mating patterns in remnant tree populations are expected to shift towards increased inbreeding and reduced pollen diversity, with fitness consequences for future generations. However, mating patterns and phenotypic assessments of open-pollinated progeny have rarely been combined in a single study. Here, we collected seeds from 37 Eucalyptus incrassata trees from contrasting stand densities following recent clearance in a single South Australian population (intact woodland ¼ 12.6 trees ha À1 ; isolated pasture ¼ 1.7 trees ha À1 ; population area ¼ 10 km 2 ). 649 progeny from these trees were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. We estimated genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure, indirect contemporary pollen flow and mating patterns for adults older than the clearance events and open-pollinated progeny sired post-clearance. A proxy of early stage progeny viability was assessed in a common garden experiment. Density had no impact on mating patterns, adult and progeny genetic diversity or progeny growth, but was associated with increased mean pollen dispersal. Weak spatial genetic structure among adults suggests high historical gene flow. We observed preliminary evidence for inbreeding depression related to stress caused by fungal infection, but which was not associated with density. Higher observed heterozygosities in adults compared with progeny may relate to weak selection on progeny and lifetime-accumulated mortality of inbred adults. E. incrassata appears to be resistant to the negative mating pattern and fitness changes expected within fragmented landscapes. This pattern is likely explained by strong outcrossing and regular long-distance pollen flow.

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Section: Resistance To Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating system and early viability resistance to habitat fragmentation in a bird-pollinated eucalypt

et al. 2012

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“…In addition, there are interspecific factors. The presence of aggressive honeyeaters, particularly the Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala) has been shown to be a significant determinant of the bird community in southeastern Australia (Grey et al 1997(Grey et al , 1998Ford et al 2001). Changing landscape structure can alter species interactions (Schmiegelow and Monkkonen 2002), which could affect species distributions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2003

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We assessed how well landscape metrics at 2, 5, and 10 km scales could explain the distribution of woodland bird species in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. We considered 31 species that have isolated or partially isolated populations in the region and used the Akaike Information Criterion to select a set of candidate logistic regression models. The 2 km distance was the most appropriate scale for a plurality of the species. While the total amount of area of native vegetation around a site was the most important determining factor, the effect of landscape configuration was also important for many species. Most species responded positively to area-independent fragmentation, but the responses to mean patch isolation and mean patch shape were more variable. Considering a set of candidate models for which there is reasonable support (Akaike weights > 0.10), 12 species responded negatively to landscapes with highly linear and isolated patches. No clear patterns emerged in terms of taxonomy or functional group as to how species respond to landscape configuration. Most of the species had models with relatively good discrimination (12 species had ROC values > 0.70), indicating that landscape pattern alone can explain their distributions reasonably well. For six species there were no models that had strong weight of evidence, based on the AIC and ROC criteria. This analysis shows the utility of the Akaike Information Criterion approach to model selection in landscape ecology. Our results indicate that landscape planners in the Mount Lofty Ranges must consider the spatial configuration of vegetation.

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“…On the other hand, the apparent vulnerability of some insectivores is puzzling. Insectivores have shown vulnerability to habitat fragmentation and loss elsewhere [7,[52][53][54] and several ecological hypotheses have been proposed, including food scarcity [55], microclimate [56,57], and habitat specificity [57,58]. Their applicability to this study is, however, unclear because insectivores were lost from our fragments (< 4,000 ha) which were much larger than those used in these other studies.…”

Section: Patterns Of Species Loss and Vulnerable Speciesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Forest-bird Species Assemblages in the Lowland Rainforest of Madagascar: The Effects of Forest Fragmentation Revisited

Rakotoarisoa¹

2013

TOCONSBJ

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Abstract:Although the eastern lowland rainforest of Madagascar houses a high proportion of endemic birds, little is known about how fragmentation effects and habitat loss specifically impact them. We analyzed published lists of forest birds across several eastern lowland rainforest fragments of three size classes (large: ~ 6,000 ha, medium: ~ 2,000 ha, small: ~ 600 ha) and varying distance (0.45-20 km) from a nearby continuous forest block. Several key species traits were incorporated to elucidate 1) patterns of species loss across forest fragments and the characteristics of lost species; 2) relationships of species richness and composition with fragment size and distance, and the factors that potentially drive these associations; and 3) pattern of nestedness in the resulting species assemblages. At the scale of our study, we found that species' vulnerability to loss was a function of degree of rarity and ecological specialization, such as insectivorous diet and habitat restriction. Fragment size was associated with species richness and composition. However, distance from the remaining continuous forest block and human disturbance, such as selective logging, may also influence their patterns of association. Both ecological factors and sampling effects (passive sampling of the regional species pool) appeared to influence species distribution across our fragments. Although no significant pattern of nested subset was detected among individual fragments, such a pattern is apparent among fragments from the three size classes. We briefly address conservation implications of these findings.

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Why have birds in the woodlands of Southern Australia declined?

Cited by 341 publications

References 113 publications

Mating system and early viability resistance to habitat fragmentation in a bird-pollinated eucalypt

Mating system and early viability resistance to habitat fragmentation in a bird-pollinated eucalypt

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Forest-bird Species Assemblages in the Lowland Rainforest of Madagascar: The Effects of Forest Fragmentation Revisited

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