‘Why don’t you try it again?’ A comparison of parent led, home based interventions aimed at increasing children's consumption of a disliked vegetable

Holley, Clare E.; Haycraft, Emma; Farrow, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.216

Cited by 115 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Although vegetables, in particular, have been most cited as being a food children do not like (59), children learn through imitation and observation and the contingencies between their action and its consequence; what infants observe influences what they do, and what they do changes behaviors (60). Children are quicker to try a new food, and they like and eat more healthy foods such as fruit and vegetables when the eating of these foods is modeled by an important other, such as a parent (61)(62)(63)(64). The more fruit and vegetables that are eaten by the mother, the more likely it is that her preschooler will follow her lead (65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning to like vegetables during breastfeeding: a randomized clinical trial of lactating mothers and infants

Mennella

Daniels

Reiter

2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

106

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Background: What lactating mothers eat flavors breast milk and, in turn, modifies their infants' acceptance of similarly flavored foods. Objective: We sought to determine the effects of the timing and duration of eating a variety of vegetables during breastfeeding on the liking of vegetables in both members of the dyad. Design: We conducted a randomized controlled study of 97 motherinfant dyads. Lactating mothers drank vegetable, beet, celery, and carrot juices for 1 mo beginning at 0.5, 1.5, or 2.5 mo postpartum or for 3 mo beginning at 0.5 mo postpartum. The control group drank equal volumes of water and avoided drinking the juices. Mothers rated the tastes of the juices and self-reported dietary intakes at each monthly visit (0.5-4.5 mo). After weaning, when 7.9 mo of age, infants' acceptance of plain, carrot-flavor (exposed flavor), and broccoliflavor (nonexposed flavor) cereals was assessed on separate days. Results: The timing of exposure affected the acceptance of the carrot flavor that did not generalize to the novel broccoli flavor. A relatively brief experience (1 mo) with vegetable flavors in mothers' milk, starting at 0.5 mo postpartum, was sufficient to shift the hedonic tone, which resulted in a faster rate of eating carrot-flavored cereal than that in infants who were exposed during subsequent months or not at all. One month of exposure had a greater effect than 3 mo of exposure or no exposure. Regardless of when exposure occurred, infants were less likely to display facial expressions of distaste initially when eating the carrot cereal. Over time, mothers liked the tastes of carrot, beet, and celery juices more, but no changes in dietary intake of vegetables were observed. Conclusions: Early life may be an optimum time for both infants and their mothers to learn to like the taste of healthy foods. More research is needed to facilitate the liking and eating of these foods by mothers, which will, in turn, increase the likelihood of their feeding these foods to their children. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01667549.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:67-76.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning to like vegetables during breastfeeding: a randomized clinical trial of lactating mothers and infants

Mennella

Daniels

Reiter

2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

106

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“…vegetable (Holley et al, 2015) and children in the control group got no treatment. They found that 413 vegetable intake was five to seven times higher at post-intervention for children in the exposure+reward 414 and exposure+modeling+reward groups, as compared to children in the control group.…”

Section: Early and Later Childhood (Two Years Of Age And Oldermentioning

confidence: 98%

Teaching children to like and eat vegetables

2015

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“…Analysis with 14 subgroups showed that the effect size was significantly higher for taste exposure strategy when coupled with reward and modelling. However this subgroup only consisted of two studies, which had very different effect sizes for Horne et al (2011); hedges g = 1.30, CI 0.72-1.80, p < 0.001 and intervention arm within the study by Holley et al (2015); hedges g = 0.50, CI: −0.54-1.54, p = 0.35). The study by Horne and colleagues which included 20 children and offered sixteen different fruits and vegetables with a minimum of 24 repeated taste exposures to target food pulled the effect size considerably.…”

Section: Intervention Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasons why a particular vegetable is disliked, varies between children (for example a child may simply refuse to eat a particular vegetable due to its colour or texture (without prior taste experience) or it could be that the child has tasted or eaten the vegetable before but they no longer like this vegetable. Studies which categorized a vegetable as disliked generally asked parents to identify a target vegetable for their child from a selection of the study vegetables (See, Fildes, van Jaarsveld, Wardle, & Cooke, 2014;Holley, Haycraft, & Farrow, 2015;Remington, Aññez, Croker, Wardle, & Cooke, 2012). The categorization of the vegetable as familiar/liked or unfamiliar/disliked was mainly based on the study's description or imputed by the authors if missing (for example vegetables which feature within the FFQ measures were considered as familiar vegetables since scores reflected reported intakes).…”

Section: Types Of Vegetables Used: Familiar/liked and Unfamiliar/dislmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of strategies to increase vegetable consumption in preschool children aged 2–5 years

et al. 2018

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specifically with measured vegetable consumption were included. Results: 30 articles and 44 intervention arms were identified for inclusion (n = 4017). Nine dominant intervention strategies emerged to promote vegetable intake in preschool children. These included; choice, pairing (stealth), education, food service, modelling, reward, taste exposure, variety and visual presentation. The metaanalysis revealed that interventions implementing repeated taste exposure had better pooled effects than those which did not. Intake increased with number of taste exposures and intake was greater when vegetables offered were in their plain form rather than paired with a flavor, dip or added energy (e.g. oil). Moreover, intake of vegetables which were unfamiliar/disliked increased more than those which were familiar/liked. Conclusions: Repeated taste exposure is a simple technique that could be implemented in childcare settings and at home by parents. Health policy could specifically target the use of novel and disliked vegetables in childcare settings with emphasis on a minimum 8-10 exposures.The systematic review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (number: CRD42016033984).

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‘Why don’t you try it again?’ A comparison of parent led, home based interventions aimed at increasing children's consumption of a disliked vegetable

Cited by 115 publications

References 56 publications

Learning to like vegetables during breastfeeding: a randomized clinical trial of lactating mothers and infants

Learning to like vegetables during breastfeeding: a randomized clinical trial of lactating mothers and infants

Teaching children to like and eat vegetables

Systematic review and meta-analysis of strategies to increase vegetable consumption in preschool children aged 2–5 years

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