Why Does Herbivore Attack Reconfigure Primary Metabolism?

Schwachtje, Jens; Baldwin, Ian Thomas

doi:10.1104/pp.107.112490

Cited by 294 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with the frequently discussed tradeoff between growth and defense (Schwachtje and Baldwin, 2008), the aphidinduced transcript profiles indicate a general shift away from primary metabolism in favor of defenses in maize.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Dynamic maize responses to aphid feeding are revealed by a time series of transcriptomic and metabolomic assays

et al. 2015

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(A.H.); 0000-0002-9675-934X (G.J.).As a response to insect attack, maize (Zea mays) has inducible defenses that involve large changes in gene expression and metabolism. Piercing/sucking insects such as corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) cause direct damage by acquiring phloem nutrients as well as indirect damage through the transmission of plant viruses. To elucidate the metabolic processes and gene expression changes involved in maize responses to aphid attack, leaves of inbred line B73 were infested with corn leaf aphids for 2 to 96 h. Analysis of infested maize leaves showed two distinct response phases, with the most significant transcriptional and metabolic changes occurring in the first few hours after the initiation of aphid feeding. After 4 d, both gene expression and metabolite profiles of aphid-infested maize reverted to being more similar to those of control plants. Although there was a predominant effect of salicylic acid regulation, gene expression changes also indicated prolonged induction of oxylipins, although not necessarily jasmonic acid, in aphid-infested maize. The role of specific metabolic pathways was confirmed using Dissociator transposon insertions in maize inbred line W22. Mutations in three benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes, Bx1, Bx2, and Bx6, increased aphid reproduction. In contrast, progeny production was greatly decreased by a transposon insertion in the single W22 homolog of the previously uncharacterized B73 terpene synthases TPS2 and TPS3. Together, these results show that maize leaves shift to implementation of physical and chemical defenses within hours after the initiation of aphid feeding and that the production of specific metabolites can have major effects in maize-aphid interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Dynamic maize responses to aphid feeding are revealed by a time series of transcriptomic and metabolomic assays

et al. 2015

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“…Recent advances in plant-insect interaction using 'omic' methods have pressed the need for a comprehensive approach addressing both primary and secondary metabolites [4,77].…”

Section: Secondary Metabolites and Other Defense Related Transcriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics of induced defense responses to greenbug aphid feeding in near isogenic wheat lines

et al. 2013

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“…Therefore, in addition to testing functional hypotheses of herbivore-induced primary metabolic changes on a case-by-case basis, it is necessary to establish a theoretical framework to address the many variables that will influence the reconfiguration of primary metabolism. Recent reviews have addressed aspects of this challenging question (Schwachtje and Baldwin, 2008;Orians et al, 2011;Massad, 2013). For instance, Orians et al (2011) proposed a fulcrum model containing several intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may shift plants between resource reallocation toward and away from herbivore-attacked tissues.…”

Section: Optimal Plant Responses In Primary Metabolism Depend On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of plant primary metabolism in response to insect herbivory

et al. 2015

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-3643-7875 (S.Z.); 0000-0002-4716-4323 (Y.-R.L.); 0000-0002-5912-779X (V.T.); 0000-0002-9675-934X (G.J.).Plants in nature, which are continuously challenged by diverse insect herbivores, produce constitutive and inducible defenses to reduce insect damage and preserve their own fitness. In addition to inducing pathways that are directly responsible for the production of toxic and deterrent compounds, insect herbivory causes numerous changes in plant primary metabolism. Whereas the functions of defensive metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenes, and glucosinolates have been studied extensively, the fitness benefits of changes in photosynthesis, carbon transport, and nitrogen allocation remain less well understood. Adding to the complexity of the observed responses, the feeding habits of different insect herbivores can significantly influence the induced changes in plant primary metabolism. In this review, we summarize experimental data addressing the significance of insect feeding habits, as related to herbivore-induced changes in plant primary metabolism. Where possible, we link these physiological changes with current understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the potential fitness benefits that host plants receive from altering their primary metabolism in response to insect herbivory.

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Why Does Herbivore Attack Reconfigure Primary Metabolism?

Cited by 294 publications

References 86 publications

Dynamic maize responses to aphid feeding are revealed by a time series of transcriptomic and metabolomic assays

Dynamic maize responses to aphid feeding are revealed by a time series of transcriptomic and metabolomic assays

Transcriptomics of induced defense responses to greenbug aphid feeding in near isogenic wheat lines

Alteration of plant primary metabolism in response to insect herbivory

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