Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia

Glynn, Judith R.; Caraël, Michel; Auvert, Bertran; Kahindo, Maina; Chege, Jane; Musonda, Rosemary; Kaona, F.; Buvé, Anne

doi:10.1097/00002030-200108004-00006

Cited by 364 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

271

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Relationships with longer-term partners are generally distinguish by emotional attachment and trust, which, in turn, have been linked to low levels of condom use in other studies (Harrison, Xaba, and Kunene 2002). In addition, wealthier men might engage in partnerships characterized by small age differences between partners, which are associated with higher levels of condom use and lower levels of HIV infection (Luke 2003, Kelly et al 2003, Gregson et al 2002, Glynn et al 2001.…”

Section: Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also experimented with alternative forms of the continuous dependent variables to test for threshold effects. For example, several studies have found that large age differences of 10 or more years between sexual partners are associated with HIV infection and unsafe sexual behavior (Luke 2005a, Kelly et al 2003, Gregson et al 2002, Glynn et al 2001. We regress male characteristics on a dummy variable indicating an age difference between partners of 10 or more years versus less than 10 years; however, the coefficients on income and inherited land were small and imprecisely estimated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Economic Status, Informal Exchange, and Sexual Risk in Kisumu, Kenya

Luke

2008

Economic Development and Cultural Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many observers believe that wealthy men play a disproportionate role in the continuing spread of HIV/AIDS infection in sub-Saharan Africa through their involvement in informal exchange relationships, where money and gifts (referred to as "transfers") are given to a range of nonmarital sexual partners. In this case, wealthier men are riskier sexual partners because they can afford to give larger transfers, which have been found to be negatively associated with condom use. Alternatively, wealthier men might have greater incentives to practice safe sex at later stages of the epidemic or wealthier men might match with female partners who have particularly strong preferences for condom use. Accordingly, economic status would be positively associated with condom use. We use survey data from urban Kisumu, Kenya, to investigate the various mechanisms through which economic status is associated with sexual risk behavior. Our results show that wealth is positively associated with transfers; wealth is uncorrelated with condom use, however. The characteristics of wealthier men's female partners also do not differ from the characteristics of poorer men's partners. We conclude that wealthier men have stronger preferences for condom use, which offsets the negative effect of larger transfers that they give to their sexual partners.

show abstract

Section: Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Status, Informal Exchange, and Sexual Risk in Kisumu, Kenya

Luke

2008

Economic Development and Cultural Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Young women (15–24 years) are at greater risk of being infected with HIV compared to their male counterparts. Although the prevalence of HIV and AIDS significantly dropped from 1.9% in 2013 to 1.6% in 2014 in Ghana [5], the proportion of infected women is higher than that of men, with cases among young women accounting for more than half of the prevalence in young people [5,6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A generation at risk: a cross-sectional study on HIV/AIDS knowledge, exposure to mass media, and stigmatizing behaviors among young women aged 15–24 years in Ghana

Asamoah

Agardh

2017

Global Health Action

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HIV/AIDS stigmatizing behaviors are a huge barrier to early detection and treatment of individuals with the AIDS virus. HIV/AIDS stigma and related consequences are debilitating, especially for vulnerable populations. This study sought to assess whether young women’s HIV/AIDS knowledge levels and exposure to mass media (television and radio) have an influence on their stigmatizing behaviors and role as agents of stigma towards individuals living with HIV and AIDS. The data used for this study originated from the Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011. Binary and multiple (stepwise) logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between HIV/AIDS knowledge, frequency of exposure to mass media, and HIV/AIDS stigmatizing behaviors among young women aged 15–24 years in Ghana. Of the 3573 young women, 80% of 15–19-year-olds and 76% of 20–24-year-olds had at least one stigmatizing behavior towards persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Young women with increased knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and frequent exposure to mass media (television and radio) had lesser tendency to stigmatize or act as agents of stigma towards PLHA (proportion with at least one stigmatizing behavior per subgroup – HIV/AIDS knowledge: those with highest knowledge score 579 [70.1%], those with lowest knowledge score 28 [90.3%]; mass media: those with daily exposure 562 [73.4%], those not exposed at all 249 [89.2%]). There was a graded negative ‘exposure–response’ association between the ranked variables: HIV/AIDS knowledge, mass media, and HIV/AIDS stigmatizing behaviors. The significant inverse association between HIV/AIDS knowledge, frequency of exposure to mass media, and HIV/AIDS stigmatizing behaviors persisted even after adjusting for all other covariates in the multiple logistic regression models. It is extremely important to increase HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and reduce stigma among young women in Ghana through targeted HIV/AIDS factual knowledge transfer. The use of mass media for communication of issues regarding HIV/AIDS, its mode of transmission, and associated stigma should be emphasized among women in Ghana.

show abstract

“…Many studies have underlined that self-reported variables regarding private information like sexual behavior are not truthfully reported 7 (Gersovitz et al, 1998;Glynn et al, 2001). …”

Section: Hiv and Risky Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%