Why do women interact with their parents more often than men? The demonstration effect vs. the biological effect

Tao, Hung‐Lin

doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2014.04.002

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Older men are more dependent on care provided by their spouses, and older women are more dependent on care provided by their adult children, which is consistent with previous studies [29]. In uenced by Confucian lial piety culture, women usually play the role of main family caregivers, who undertake more housework and care tasks and are more likely to provide informal care [30][31][32]. It is worth noting that in 2040, the number of urban and rural elderly people receiving the fourth source of informal care (other relatives and community day care centers) was 4.44 million and 5.95 million, respectively, an increase of 39% and 143% compared with 2020, indicating that more and more elderly people are seeking care sources outside the family.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Forecasting Informal Care Needs of the Urban-Rural Older Adults in China Based on Multi-state Markov Model

Fang

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Forecasting the intensity, source, and cost of informal care for older adults in China is essential to establish and enhance policy support systems for informal care within the context of East Asian traditional culture that emphasizes filial piety. This study aims to analyze the current situation and influencing factors for the informal care needs and predict the trends of informal care needs for older adults in China from 2020 to 2040. Methods Using the CHARLS database from 2015 to 2018, this study first combined the literature analysis method, a two-part model, and a multinomial logit to analyze the aging trend, population size, and influencing factors for the informal care needs of urban-rural older adults in China. Secondly, a multi-state Markov model was constructed to forecast the number of urban-rural older populations in each health state from 2020 to 2040. Finally, based on a microsimulation model, this study predicted the trends of informal care intensity, source, and cost for older adults in urban and rural areas from 2020 to 2040. Results In 2040, the size of the disabled older population in China will expand further. In rural areas, the total number of disabled people in 2040 (39.77 million) is 1.50 times higher than that in 2020; In urban areas, the total number of disabled people in 2040 (56.01 million) is 2.51 times higher than that in 2020. Compared with 2020, the elderly population with mild, moderate and severe disability in 2040 would increase by 87.60%, 101.70%, and 115.08%, respectively. In 2040, the number of older adults receiving low-, medium-, and high-intensity care in China will be 38.60 million, 22.89 million, and 41.69 million, respectively, and older people will still rely on informal care provided by spouses and children (from spouses only: 39.26 million, from children only: 36.74 million, from spouses and children only: 16.79 million, other: 10.39 million). The total cost of informal care in 2040 will be 1,086.65 billion yuan, 2.22 times that of 2020 (490.31 billion yuan), which grows faster than the economic growth rate. Conclusion From 2020 to 2040, the informal care needs of older people in rural areas will increase first and then decrease due to the demographic structure and rapid urbanization. In contrast, the informal care needs of older people in urban areas will continuously increase from 2020 to 2040, with the growth rate gradually slowing down. This study provides an evidence-based rationale for scientifically measuring the economic value of informal care and reasonably allocating care resources.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Forecasting Informal Care Needs of the Urban-Rural Older Adults in China Based on Multi-state Markov Model

Fang

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Evidence from a Hong Kong survey by Kwok (2006) suggests that the couples generally view their young children as their top priority, followed by elderly parents and spouses. Consistent with this evidence, Tao (2014) observes that Taiwanese couples with children tend to visit their elderly parents less frequently.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Dual Burdens of Care: “Sandwiched Couples” in East Asia

Tan

2018

J Aging Health

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“…Men often have long-term Kye, as it is part of ongoing fraternal groups that meet monthly to socialize and to pay into the communal pot, which members draw upon to fund unexpected family expenses or a business venture. This behavior that is more common among women corresponds to findings on biological and gender-based behavior differences (Tao, 2014). Lett (1988, p. 91) concludes that: "People would participate in various Kye in order to receive a large lump sum of money for a special event, such as child's wedding, buying a home, taking a trip, or starting a business".…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 62%

Informal social networks in Korea: Covering the cost of major life events

Cnaan

Kang

Kim

et al. 2014

The Social Science Journal

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a b s t r a c tThis article investigates an informal voluntary social arrangement for financial assistance with discrete major life events known in Korea as Sang-Ho-Bu-Jo. This informal voluntary arrangement is neither public nor private, but is based on social networks that produce a unique form of civic society. Sang-Ho-Bu-Jo covers people's transitional one-time needs. This study explores the practice of Sang-Ho-Bu-Jo and its origins and provides the first systematic empirical study of this social phenomenon. Three large databases are used to analyze the scope and level of participation, as well as what variables correlate with such involvement. The study finds a high rate of participation, over 80% of households, and an average investment of 2-4% of household expenditure. Sang-Ho-Bu-Jo can help scholars and policy makers worldwide in understanding the role of socialization, social networks, and social capital in explaining innovative informal methods of social care.

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Why do women interact with their parents more often than men? The demonstration effect vs. the biological effect

Abstract: The author appreciates the assistance given by the Center. The views expressed herein are those of the author alone. Why do women interact with their parents more often than men? The demonstration effect vs. the biological effect

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Forecasting Informal Care Needs of the Urban-Rural Older Adults in China Based on Multi-state Markov Model

Forecasting Informal Care Needs of the Urban-Rural Older Adults in China Based on Multi-state Markov Model

Dual Burdens of Care: “Sandwiched Couples” in East Asia

Informal social networks in Korea: Covering the cost of major life events

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