Why do we like sweet taste: A bitter tale?

Beauchamp, Gary K.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.007

Cited by 93 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…As indicated by positive correlations between sweetness and liking/disliking ratings (see table 2), sweetness ratings of e-cigarette flavours are associated with higher liking, even in tobacco (CT) and menthol (MM) flavours. These results are not surprising, given that liking for sweet substances is innate, and that sweetness can suppress bitterness 25 26…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of sweet and other flavours in liking and disliking of electronic cigarettes

et al. 2016

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Objective To examine the extent to which the perception of sweet and other flavours is associated with liking and disliking of flavoured electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Methods 31 participants (13 females/18 males; 12 sole/19 dual users) vaped 6 commercially available flavours of blu Tanks: Classic Tobacco (CT), Magnificent Menthol (MM), Cherry Crush (CC), Vivid Vanilla (VV), Piña Colada (PC) and Peach Schnapps (PS); all ‘medium’ strength, 12 mg/mL nicotine concentration. For each flavoured e-cigarette, participants first rated liking/disliking on the Labeled Hedonic Scale, followed by perceived intensities of sweetness, coolness, bitterness, harshness and specific flavour on the generalised version of the Labeled Magnitude Scale. The psychophysical testing was conducted individually in an environmental chamber. Results PC was perceived as sweetest and liked the most; CT was perceived as least sweet and liked the least. Across all flavours, liking was correlated with sweetness (r=0.31), coolness (r=0.25), bitterness (r=−0.25) and harshness (r=−0.29, all p<0.001). Specifically, liking was positively correlated with sweetness of PS (r=0.56, p=0.001) and PC (r=0.36, p=0.048); and with coolness of MM, CT and VV (r=0.41–0.52, p<0.05). In contrast, harshness was negatively correlated with liking for CC, PC and PS (r=0.37–0.40, p<0.05). In a multivariate model, sweetness had the greatest positive impact on liking followed by coolness; harshness had the greatest negative impact on liking. Conclusions Our findings indicate that bitterness and harshness, most likely from nicotine, have negative impacts on the liking of e-cigarettes, but the addition of flavourants that elicit sweetness or coolness generally improves liking. The results suggest that flavours play an important role in e-cigarette preference and most likely use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of sweet and other flavours in liking and disliking of electronic cigarettes

et al. 2016

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“…One reason may be that we used palatability agents that are probably innately preferred. Preferences for sweetness are very likely innate [(36); review (4)]; whether the oral response to mineral oil is also innate is less clear, although two hallmarks of an innate response have been demonstrated: mineral oil stimulates ingestive responses early in life (1), and it supports sham ingestion (23). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight?

Tordoff

Pearson

Ellis

et al. 2017

Physiology & Behavior

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Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight? To investigate, we first established some concentrations of sucralose and mineral oil in chow that mice strongly preferred. Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. During a 6-week test, the body weights and body compositions of the five groups never differed. In Experiment 2, we compared groups of 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose. During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. In concert with earlier work, our results challenge the hypothesis that the orosensory properties of a food influence body weight gain. A good taste can stimulate food intake acutely, and guide selection toward nutrient-dense foods that cause weight gain, but it does not determine how much is eaten chronically.

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“…A percepção e o valor hedônico do gosto doce, segundo os estudos dessa equipe, são inatos e duram por toda a vida. Contudo, eles são influenciados por numerosos fatores como a maturação e a aprendizagem, podendo ser revistos ao longo da ortogênese 9,14,20,21 .…”

Section: Desenvolvimento Gustativounclassified

Aquisição gustativa na infância: teoria e estudos

Prado-Netto

Marques

Prado-Netto

2017

SDH

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RESUMOObjetivo: Abordar as principais linhas de discussões e pesquisas experimentais sobre a aquisição do gosto (doce, salgado, ácido, amargo e umami) na educação da criança e como isso é refletido no desenvolvimento mental por meio das interações precoces entre o bebê, o ambiente e a mãe. Métodos: Para alcançar tais objetivos, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Interuniversitária de Saúde em Paris, França, e do motor de pesquisa Science Direct. Resultados: Os recém-nascidos e as crianças têm uma palatabilidade inata pelo doce. A preferência pelo doce diminui da infância à idade adulta. A mãe aprende a reconhecer as necessidades do lactente, graças aos sinais de fome e de mímicas gustativas faciais. O reconhecimento das necessidades do bebê e o fornecimento da resposta adequada são essenciais para a prevenção de transtornos alimentares na idade adulta. A preferência alimentar da criança começa no útero, uma vez que os estudos constataram que o fato da mãe consumir frutas e legumes durante a gestação e na amamentação diminui o risco de a criança rejeitar esses tipos de alimentos posteriormente. Conclusão: A aquisição gustativa na criança é um tema rico e pouco explorado na literatura científi-ca. Por isto, espera-se que esta abordagem possa suscitar estudos experimentais na população brasileira, de modo a estabelecer perspectivas no domínio da aprendizagem gustativa e na saúde da criança. Palavras-Chave: Geusia; Neofobia Alimentar; Preferências Alimentares; Gosto. ABSTRACTObjective: To approach the discussion and experimental research on the acquisition of taste (sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami) in child's education and how it is reflected in the mental development through early interactions between the baby, the environment and the mother. Methods: To achieve these goals, a search was carried out in the Health Inter-University Library databases in Paris -France and in the ScienceDirect search engine. Results: Newborns and children have an innate palatability for sweet (including fat). The preference for sweet decreases from childhood to adulthood. The mother learns to recognize the needs of the infant, thanks to hunger signals and of facial mimicry. Recognition of the baby's needs and the provision of the appropriate response is essential for the prevention of eating disorders in adulthood. The child's food preferences begins in the womb, studies demonstrate that the mother's consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy and breastfeeding decreases child's risk of rejection of these types of food later. Conclusion: Gustatory acquisition in children is a rich theme and has been little explored in the scientific literature. Therefore, it is expected that this study may increase experimental studies in Revista Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, 2017, Junho 5(2): 75-84 76 the Brazilian population, in order to establish perspectives in the area of taste learning and health of children.

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Why do we like sweet taste: A bitter tale?

Cited by 93 publications

References 68 publications

Role of sweet and other flavours in liking and disliking of electronic cigarettes

Role of sweet and other flavours in liking and disliking of electronic cigarettes

Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight?

Aquisição gustativa na infância: teoria e estudos

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