Why do people like competition? The motivation for winning, putting forth effort, improving one's performance, performing well, being instrumental, and expressing forceful/aggressive behavior

Vanintelektualni Činioci Ostvarenja Darovitosti

“…Orijentaciji na zadatak obično se suprostavlja orijentacija na takmičenje, čiji krajnji cilj nije znanje, već nadmetanje sa drugima, odnosno "veličanje ega" (Ames, 1992(Ames, , prema: Štula, 2007. Međutim, podrobnija razmatranja motivacije za takmičenje ukazala su da je nadmetanje sa drugima samo jedan njen aspekt, te da, osim želje za nadvladavanjem drugih, učenike na takmičenje motiviše i želja za unapređivanjem vlastite kompetencije u određenom domenu (Franken & Brown, 1995). Stoga se na pojedinim mestima u literaturi naznačava da motivacija za takmičenje može podrazumevati dva vida: takmičenje sa samim sobom i takmičenje sa drugima (Rimm, 1986, prema: Udvari & Schneider, 2000.…”

Further Evidence of Independence Between the Motive to Achieve Success and the Motive to Avoid Failure: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

“…If the MAS and MAF are completely independent, then a second model (M2; created by fixing the correlation among the two motives to zero) should provide a good fit to the data (Figure 2b). Besides the unitary and independent concepts, there is also a growing body of evidence indicating that achievement motivation is a multidimensional latent structure (Byrne et al, 2004;Franken & Brown, 1995). These studies suggest that achievement motivation is best designed as a multidimensional latent structure composed of several factors -such as MAS, MAF, and also pride in productivity, or competitiveness -generally considered as separable and weakly correlated.…”

“…We expect that the independent model (M2) would provide a better fit to the data than the unitary model (M1). Moreover, based on the theoretical argument of a multidimensional latent structure of achievement motivation (Byrne et al, 2004;Franken & Brown, 1995) and the fact that there was a weak negative correlation between the two motives (Elliot & Church, 1997;Elliot & McGregor, 2001), we expect that M3, in which MAS and MAF are separable and weakly correlated factors, would provide a better fit to the data than a strictly independent conception of the two motives (M2).…”

“…To test the validity of these participant selection methods and then discuss the implications for investigating the effects of achievement motivation on the psychological processes, we compared three models with different relationships between MAS and MAF by Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs). We focused on three models according to the different relationships postulated in the literature between the two motives: opposite factors of a unitary construct (McClelland, 1951), independent factors (Atkinson, 1957), and separable and weakly correlated factors (Byrne, Mueller-Hanson, Cardador, Thornton III, Schuler, Frintrup et al, 2004;Franken & Brown, 1995).…”

Socially oriented preferences in decision making and their relation with work and home environment

“…They exert an impact on a number of human behaviours, including economic decisions. Social sciences employ questionnaires measuring preferences in a given, prosocial or individual, type of behaviour, such as competitiveness (see, among others, Franken & Brown, 1995;Ryska, 2003) or envy (Solnick & Hemenway, 1998). In the pioneering study conducted by Radzicki (1973, 1976, after: Grzelak, 1978, preferences were measured by means of ranking a couple dozens of payoff pairs (individual payoff and other person's payoff).…”