“…negative or positive) of adolescent peer support for academic achievement as mutually exclusive (e.g., Benhorin & McMahon, 2008; Stoddard, Zimmerman, & Bauermeister, 2012; Wang & Eccles, 2012). In both cases, research suggests that positive peer support is associated with positive outcomes (e.g., Carter & Forsyth, 2010; Rice, Barth, Guadagno, Smith, & McCallum, 2013; Ryabov, 2011; Wilson, Karimpour, & Rodkin, 2011), and negative peer support is associated with negative outcomes (e.g., Bellmore, Chen, & Rischall, 2013; Bettencourt & Farrell, 2013; Foney & Cunningham, 2002; Young, Rebellon, Barnes, & Weerman, 2014). However, adolescents’ quality of peer relationships is complex with some having a combination of peers with both negative and positive achievement values.…”