Why Do Bureaucrats Make Campaign Contributions to Presidential Candidates?: Evidence from 2004 to 2012

Limbocker, Scott

doi:10.1111/psq.12482

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…They were coded with a 1 if they donated to a party that differed from the president’s party (4.1%) and 0 otherwise. 6 The two measures of partisanship tap into different degrees of partisanship, with donors being more partisan and ideological than party registrants (Limbocker, 2018).…”

Section: Data Variables and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presidential Control and Turnover in Regulatory Personnel

Doherty

Lewis

Limbocker

2019

Administration & Society

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Career executives often occupy administrative positions that determine the pace and content of policy, such as those responsible for developing regulations. Yet, presidential administrations need control over these positions to achieve policy aims. This article considers the extent to which new presidential administrations marginalize career executives in key regulatory positions by transferring responsibilities to another individual and whether the mere expectation of political conflict with a new administration drives career regulators from their positions. Using unique new data on 866 career regulators that led major rulemaking efforts between 1995 and 2013, we demonstrate that turnover among career executives in key regulatory positions increases following a party change in the White House. Turnover also increases during a presidential election year, but this effect is conditioned by bureaucrats’ expectations of the election outcome. Finally, career executives are more likely to depart in response to favorable labor market conditions. Given our findings that turnover in regulatory responsibilities is driven both by presidential marginalization and strategic exit by bureaucrats, we conclude with implications for presidential efforts to control the administrative state.

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Section: Data Variables and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presidential Control and Turnover in Regulatory Personnel

Doherty

Lewis

Limbocker

2019

Administration & Society

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“…Our result shows that retired flag officers donate more than civilians, who average 14%. Interestingly, endorsing retired flag officers greatly exceed the 3-4% of federal bureaucrats and medical doctors who contribute (Bonica, 2013;Bonica, Rosenthal, & Rothman, 2014;Limbocker, 2018).…”

Section: Trends In Retired Flag Officer Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As financially secure Americans, retired flag officers possess sufficient means to contribute. The Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002 (indexed for inflation) limits contributions to about USD5,000 to one candidate in the primary and general elections (Limbocker, 2018). About 14% of the population and 21% of senior military officers self-report contributing each election cycle (J. K. Dempsey, 2010b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Putting Their Money Where Their Mouth Is: Retired Flag Officers and Presidential Endorsements

Griffiths

Simon

2019

Armed Forces & Society

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Endorsements by retired flag and general officers are now a fixture of the presidential election cycle. However, their motivations are unclear. Retired flag officers might endorse with material, purposive, or solidarity motives. We evaluate these motivations with a new data set of 1,340 endorsements by 1,041 endorsers between 2004 and 2016 matched with campaign contributions. We find that campaign contributions, service in the Navy, and retiring as a higher ranked officer are all associated with an increased likelihood of endorsing. We conclude that about 10 retired flag officers participate to improve their material situation, 193 seek to advance their ideological preferences, and the remainder participate to demonstrate solidarity with their peers or acquaintances. These findings provide new insight into endorser motivations and civil–military relations.

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“…Of course, campaign contributions are not the only way to measure agency preferences. Clinton et al (2012) and Limbocker (2018) use surveys of agency personnel to measure agency preferences. A survey of F.B.I.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Contemporary Presidency: “Was the “Deep State” Out to Get President Trump? Evidence from Campaign Contributions from F.B.I. Personnel”

Nownes¹

2021

Pres Stud Q

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Was the "deep state" truly "out to get" President Donald Trump during his presidency? This article addresses this question by examining the federal campaign contributing behavior of the deepest of allegedly "deep state" actors-employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.). Our findings, showing that F.B.I. employees contributed vanishingly low sums of money during the Trump years and that those who did make contributions tended to support President Trump, suggest that the F.B.I. was not out to destroy the president.Why do individuals and groups make campaign contributions? In recent years, enhanced computing power, the easy availability of campaign finance data, and improved research designs have led us toward conclusive answers to this question. We have learned, for example, that individuals are generally consumptive contributors who give for ideological reasons (

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Why Do Bureaucrats Make Campaign Contributions to Presidential Candidates?: Evidence from 2004 to 2012

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Presidential Control and Turnover in Regulatory Personnel

Presidential Control and Turnover in Regulatory Personnel

Not Putting Their Money Where Their Mouth Is: Retired Flag Officers and Presidential Endorsements

The Contemporary Presidency: “Was the “Deep State” Out to Get President Trump? Evidence from Campaign Contributions from F.B.I. Personnel”

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