Why Do Anxiety Sensitive Smokers Perceive Quitting as Difficult? The Role of Expecting “Interoceptive Threat” During Acute Abstinence

Farris, Samantha G.; Langdon, Kirsten J.; DiBello, Angelo M.; Zvolensky, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9644-6

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although smokers with pre-morbid vulnerability factors like high AS may be particularly motivated to quit smoking, they are at high risk for problems in quitting (Zvolensky, Stewart, Vujanovic, Gavric, & Steeves, 2009). Specifically, these persons are apt to be particularly fearful of, and emotionally reactive to, internal states that occur during smoking discontinuation; they may therefore experience more distressing emotional experiences in cessation attempts (Farris, Langdon, DiBello, & Zvolensky, 2015). Thus, a forward feedback loop may develop, whereby smoking is used as a coping strategy for managing aversive states among high AS individuals in the short term yet paradoxically confers longer-term risk for panic attacks and other anxiety problems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anxiety sensitivity risk reduction in smokers: A randomized control trial examining effects on panic

Schmidt

Raines

Allan

et al. 2016

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Empirical evidence has identified several risk factors for panic psychopathology, including smoking and anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of anxiety-related sensations). Smokers with elevated AS are therefore a particularly vulnerable population for panic. Yet, there is little knowledge about how to reduce risk of panic among high AS smokers. The present study prospectively evaluated panic outcomes within the context of a controlled randomized risk reduction program for smokers. Participants (N = 526) included current smokers who all received a state-of-the-art smoking cessation intervention with approximately half randomized to the AS reduction intervention termed Panic-smoking Program (PSP). The primary hypotheses focus on examining the effects of a PSP on panic symptoms in the context of this vulnerable population. Consistent with prediction, there was a significant effect of treatment condition on AS, such that individuals in the PSP condition, compared to those in the control condition, demonstrated greater decreases in AS throughout treatment and the follow-up period. In addition, PSP treatment resulted in lower rates of panic-related symptomatology. Moreover, mediation analyses indicated that reductions in AS resulted in lower panic symptoms. The present study provides the first empirical evidence that brief, targeted psychoeducational interventions can mitigate panic risk among smokers.

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confidence: 99%

Anxiety sensitivity risk reduction in smokers: A randomized control trial examining effects on panic

Schmidt

Raines

Allan

et al. 2016

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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“…In the case of smoking, there is basic and applied research to suggest AS is associated with smoking maintenance and relapse by heightening adverse emotional responsitivity to interoceptive cues (Farris, Langdon, DiBello, & Zvolensky, 2015;Leventhal & Zvolensky, 2015). Extant AS research suggests that it serves as a transdiagnostic risk factor for both smoking and asthma, resulting in poorer outcomes in both domains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating the role of anxiety sensitivity in barriers to cessation and reasons for quitting among smokers with asthma

McLeish

Johnson

Avallone

et al. 2015

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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The aim of the present study was to examine the unique predictive ability of anxiety sensitivity (AS) in terms of perceived barriers to cessation and smoking cessation motives among daily smokers with asthma (n = 125, 54% male, Mage = 37.7 years, SD = 12.1). As hypothesized, after controlling for the effects of race, asthma control, negative affect, and smoking rate, AS significantly predicted greater barriers to cessation, and reasons for quitting related to health concerns and self-control. Contrary to hypotheses, AS did not significantly predict external reasons for quitting. These findings suggest that smokers with asthma who are fearful of physiological arousal may be a particularly 'at-risk' population for smoking cessation difficulties due, in part, to greater perceived barriers to cessation. Interventions focused on enhancing intrinsic motivation for quitting and reducing AS may be most effective for this population.

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“…Items are rated in terms of expected likelihood on a scale from 0 ( very unlikely ) to 6 ( very likely ). In the current study, the somatic symptoms (e.g., “My chest would feel tight”; α = 0.82) and harmful consequences (e.g., “I would feel like I'mgoing crazy”; α = 0.86) subscales were used, consistent with past work (Farris, Langdon, DiBello, & Zvolensky, 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion dysregulation explains the relation between insomnia symptoms and negative reinforcement smoking cognitions among daily smokers

Kauffman

Farris

Alfano

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

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Introduction Insomnia co-occurs with smoking. However, mechanisms that may explain their comorbidity are not well known. Method The present study tested the hypothesis that insomnia would exert an indirect effect on negative reinforcement smoking processes via emotion dysregulation among 126 adult non-treatment seeking daily smokers (55 females; Mage = 44.1 years, SD = 9.72). Negative reinforcement smoking processes included negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies, negative reinforcement smoking motives, and two negative expectancies from brief smoking abstinence (somatic symptoms and harmful consequences). Results Insomnia symptoms yielded a significant indirect effect through emotion dysregulation for negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies, negative reinforcement smoking motives, and harmful consequences expectancies from brief smoking abstinence. In contrast to prediction, however, insomnia was not associated with somatic symptom expectancies from brief smoking abstinence through emotion dysregulation. Conclusions These data may suggest that the indirect effect of emotion dysregulation is more relevant to cognitive-affective negative reinforcement processes rather than somatic states. Overall, the present findings contribute to a growing body of literature linking emotion dysregulation as an explanatory mechanism for insomnia and smoking and uniquely extend such work to an array of clinically significant negative reinforcement smoking processes.

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Why Do Anxiety Sensitive Smokers Perceive Quitting as Difficult? The Role of Expecting “Interoceptive Threat” During Acute Abstinence

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Anxiety sensitivity risk reduction in smokers: A randomized control trial examining effects on panic

Anxiety sensitivity risk reduction in smokers: A randomized control trial examining effects on panic

Evaluating the role of anxiety sensitivity in barriers to cessation and reasons for quitting among smokers with asthma

Emotion dysregulation explains the relation between insomnia symptoms and negative reinforcement smoking cognitions among daily smokers

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