Why do academics become entrepreneurs? How do their motivations evolve? Results from an empirical study

Galati, Francesco; Bigliardi, Barbara; Passaro, Renato; Quinto, Ivana

doi:10.1108/ijebr-11-2019-0619

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(241 reference statements)

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“…The definition of academic spin-off highlights the determinant role of the research outcome (Shane, 2004). The works included in our review confirm this assumption since they evidence the role of research as a starting point for the spin-off creation process (Fernandez Perez, Alonso Galicia, del Mar Fuentes Fuentes & Rodriguez Ariza, 2014;Galati et al, 2020;Rasmussen, 2011). Even if not all research outcomes have the potentiality to generate an academic spin-off (Ndonzuau et al, 2002), we argue that it is a necessary condition to understand the origin of spin-off creation.…”

Section: Which Is the Relevance Of The Research Outcome In The Process Of Academic Spin-off Creation?supporting

confidence: 56%

A theory-driven model of the spin-off creation process: A Social Information Processing perspective

Opizzi

Loi

2021

Proceedings

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This work contributes to the field of Academic Entrepreneurship by providing a theory-driven explanation of spin-off creation, conceptualized as a process that includes the following phases: opportunity identification, entrepreneurial intentions and spin-off creation. Illuminated by the Social Information Processing Theory, it looks at the role of individual and organizational factors in the process of spin-off creation. Based on a Systematic Literature Review-we highlight how each process' phase has been studied and which individual and organizational factors are more relevant in influencing the spin-off creation process. Drawing from our results, we elaborate a conceptual framework that proposes a research agenda for the mechanisms connecting individual and organizational issues in the process of spin-off creation.

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Section: Which Is the Relevance Of The Research Outcome In The Process Of Academic Spin-off Creation?supporting

confidence: 56%

A theory-driven model of the spin-off creation process: A Social Information Processing perspective

Opizzi

Loi

2021

Proceedings

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“…More such studies are needed to analyze the temporal nature of these entrepreneurial motivations, as for example, respondents' recall bias may influence self-reported relevance of specific motivators at a second collection (Carter et al. , 2003; Cassar, 2007; Galati, et al. , 2020).…”

Section: Exploring the Temporal Stability Of Entrepreneurial Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploration of changing student entrepreneurial motivators – a longitudinal analysis

Belchior

Lyons

2021

IJEBR

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Purpose Entrepreneurial motivations are considered key determinants of the direction, intensity and duration of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes. To measure attitudes and outcome expectations related to an entrepreneurial career, researchers often use a set of predetermined behavioral beliefs or motivators. However, motivators can be numerous, context-specific and there is a lack of evidence regarding their stability over time. This study addresses this gap, while also providing a rich description of how Portuguese college students perceive entrepreneurship and how these perceptions relate to levels of entrepreneurial intentions (EI).Design/methodology/approach Using qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze data over a 5-year period, this study seeks to confirm existing evidence on entrepreneurship motivators' diversity and heterogeneity and to explore differences in motivators' temporal stability. Using an initial sample of 851 Portuguese college students and 3 different survey waves, this study first aggregates the most frequently cited motivators for EI to compile a series of meaningful motivational factors. Subsequently, it extensively analyzes the robustness of these factors by examining their validity against EI and stability over time.Findings Based on their superior association with EI and greater temporal stability, the findings suggest that entrepreneurship-intrinsic motivational factors are more relevant for college students' EI models. Prominently, being motivated to create one's own new business due to a particular occupational interest is the most consistently stable individual motivation.Practical implications The results may interest those studying entrepreneurial motivations and EI longitudinally and who invest in promoting entrepreneurial behavior of college students.Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyze entrepreneurship motivators/reasons' temporal stability, which is relevant for assessing their value for longitudinal entrepreneurship research and education. It is also the most complete assessment of Portuguese college students' perceptions of entrepreneurship.

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“…To our knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts – if not the first one – to disentangle these two different types of employee entrepreneurial motivations and to uncover the different turnover decision-making processes based on these two different motivations. In doing so, this study generates more nuanced insights into what actually drives employees to prefer entrepreneurship to other career alternatives and highlights the importance of initial motivation, which may ultimately explain future venture strategy and success, in employee entrepreneurship (Galati et al , 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…While these studies advanced our knowledge of the motivations of employee entrepreneurship (Gabrielsson and Politis, 2012; Galati et al , 2020), they fail to distinguish and clarify how different motivations might shape the subsequent steps of the employee entrepreneurship process. Relatively limited research is directed toward examining the process that leads an employee to become an entrepreneur (Shah et al , 2019).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opening the black box of employee entrepreneurship decision-making

Wang

Zeng

2021

IJEBR

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PurposeEmployee entrepreneurship has recently become an emerging area of investigation. However, due to the fragmentation of the turnover and entrepreneurship literature, no coherent theoretical framework has been developed to provide an adequate description of the employee entrepreneurial process. The purpose of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of why and how an employee in an established organization progresses toward starting a new venture by exploring the key decision-making processes during the initial stages of employee entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThis study addresses the following research questions: What are the key decision-making processes during the initial stages of employee entrepreneurship? How are these decisions made, and how do they interact? This study employed a multiple case study approach, which enabled the authors to gain valuable insight into these “what” and “how” questions. The data consist of 28 in-depth employee entrepreneurship cases.FindingsBased on an in-depth study of 28 cases, this study constructs a comprehensive model of the dynamic and interactive decision-making processes that lead to employee entrepreneurship. In particular, the findings reveal that rather than being a linear staged activity, employee entrepreneurship is an inherently iterative process that involves a set of interrelated subdecision-making processes related to turnover, team entrepreneurship and partner recruitment that entail multiple iterations and feedback loops based on an individual's cognitive judgment.Originality/valueBy illustrating and clarifying the importance of the effects of different initial motivations and the attributes of the network in the course of the employee entrepreneurship decision-making process, this study integrates the turnover and entrepreneurship literature and makes significant contributions to the current literature on employee entrepreneurship. Moreover, this study complements research investigating entrepreneurial team formation by providing a detailed understanding of how the lead entrepreneur and the prospective partner make mutual choices during the entrepreneurial team formation process.

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Why do academics become entrepreneurs? How do their motivations evolve? Results from an empirical study

Cited by 28 publications

References 160 publications

A theory-driven model of the spin-off creation process: A Social Information Processing perspective

A theory-driven model of the spin-off creation process: A Social Information Processing perspective

An exploration of changing student entrepreneurial motivators – a longitudinal analysis

Opening the black box of employee entrepreneurship decision-making

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