Why Carcinoma Gallbladder is More Common in North India: An Insight Into Etiological and Clinicopathological Trends

Abstract

Background: The increasing incidence of carcinoma gall bladder with presentation at advanced stage in North India has been a topic of concern from a long time thus, resulting in many studies. Method: In our cross-sectional study, we tried to review the etiological and clinicopathological trends of carcinoma gall bladder in a tertiary care hospital in the city Kanpur. It comprised of study of 108 patients diagnosed with carcinoma gall bladder on the basis on clinical history and examination, radiology and histopathology. Results: Maximum number of cases were from rural areas and with low socio-economic status, nonvegetarian and users of locally available mustard oil; age range was 27-80 years, mean age was 53 years, female to male ratio was 2.0:1 with 64% of females having parity>3 and 60% were postmenopausal. Most common symptom was abdominal pain (67%) and lump seen in 14%. Fundus was the most common site and gall stones seen in 83% and polyp in 15% cases. Most common type was adenocarcinoma (98%) and mostly moderately differentiated (41%). Conclusion: Female sex, advanced age, multiparity, low socio-economic status, location near river bed, gall stones and polyps are risk factors for carcinoma gall bladder. Most common site is fundus and most common type is adenocarcinoma.