Why are work travel plans effective? Comparing conclusions from narrative and meta-analytical research synthesis

Abstract

Work travel plans, Meta-analysis, Transport policy impact,

Carrots and sticks vs carrots: Comparing approaches to workplace travel plans using disincentives for driving and incentives for active travel

“…For informing policy and practice, perhaps the most complete picture of the evidence base for workplace travel plans reducing driving personal motor vehicles and increasing active forms of travel to work is provided by reading in combination existing narrative style reviews (Cairns et al, 2004(Cairns et al, , 2010, a meta-analysis (Bamberg and Möser, 2007) and systematic reviews of organisational travel plans (Hosking et al, 2010;Macmillan et al, 2013).…”

“…A meta-analysis was conducted by a different research groups using the data-set from the same narrative review (Bamberg and Möser, 2007). Whilst this review and meta-analysis provide useful information on the types of impacts that may be achieved by implementing travel plans, and factors associated with success they do not provide strong causal evidence that implementing travel plans can increase active modes of travel to work amongst staff since the study designs of the included interventions cannot control for factors that influence the study outcome.…”

“…journals (Brockman and Fox, 2011;Petrunoff et al, 2013), the majority of evaluations of organisational travel plans have only been published in meta-analyses or reviews (Bamberg and Möser, 2007;Cairns et al, 2010;Hosking et al, 2010;Macmillan et al, 2013).…”

Defining critical success factors in TOD implementation using rough set analysis

“…Another advantage is the ability to use completed case studies, resulting in a much shorter amount of time than that needed to gather primary data in a multiple-case study. Within meta-analysis, a number of techniques can be used to identify cross-case patterns, e.g., meta-matrices, qualitative metasynthesis (Schofield 1990), meta-regression (Gim 2012;Brons et al 2005;Bamberg and Möser 2007), and rough set analysis (Baaijens and Nijkamp 2001). Meta-matrices can be used in a meta-analysis to allow the researcher to approach data (both qualitative and quantitative) in a systematic, transparent way; coded case data is entered into one or more tables and can be organized as needed by case or variable (Miles and Huberman 1994).…”

“…Some transportation researchers have taken a purely quantitative approach to meta-analysis, selecting up to 75 cases by the presence of specific variables and data like time-based elasticities (Brons et al 2005;Wardman 2012;Gim 2012;Bamberg and Möser 2007). These studies use meta-analysis as "an alternative, statistical approach to synthesising a body of quantitative research findings" (Bamberg and Möser 2007, 662), hence the larger number of cases used in their analyses and the use of meta-regression.…”