2017
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10889
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Why Are Vinyl Cations Sluggish Electrophiles?

Abstract: The kinetics of the reactions of the vinyl cations 2 [PhC═C-(4-MeO-CH)] and 3 [MeC═C-(4-MeO-CH)] (generated by laser flash photolysis) with diverse nucleophiles (e.g., pyrroles, halide ions, and solvents containing variable amounts of water or alcohol) have been determined photometrically. It was found that the reactivity order of the nucleophiles toward these vinyl cations is the same as that toward diarylcarbenium ions (benzhydrylium ions). However, the reaction rates of vinyl cations are affected only half … Show more

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Cited by 62 publications
(83 citation statements)
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“…When 1d was reacted with the frustrated Lewis pair (C 6 F 5 ) 3 B/( o -tolyl) 3 P (Scheme 4), the phosphineboration product 21 or its regioisomer 22 were not observed, and 20 was formed exclusively. This data suggests that the cyclization pathway is concerted even with this more electrophilic reagent, since an intermediate short-lived vinylcation ( 17 or its regioisomer), of high electrophilicity, 30 might at least be partially trapped by the phosphine ( o -tolyl) 3 P. The phosphine is significantly more nucleophilic in comparison to the sulfur atom in the –SMe ortho substituent as characterized through Mayr nucleophilicity studies, though zwitterion 17 may present a more hindered approach for the bulky phosphine than the standard Mayr substrates 31,32 Thus, the Ad E 3 mechanism herein characterized for ClBcat-induced thioboration appears to operate even for this more highly electrophilic boron reagent (Scheme 1, Step C).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When 1d was reacted with the frustrated Lewis pair (C 6 F 5 ) 3 B/( o -tolyl) 3 P (Scheme 4), the phosphineboration product 21 or its regioisomer 22 were not observed, and 20 was formed exclusively. This data suggests that the cyclization pathway is concerted even with this more electrophilic reagent, since an intermediate short-lived vinylcation ( 17 or its regioisomer), of high electrophilicity, 30 might at least be partially trapped by the phosphine ( o -tolyl) 3 P. The phosphine is significantly more nucleophilic in comparison to the sulfur atom in the –SMe ortho substituent as characterized through Mayr nucleophilicity studies, though zwitterion 17 may present a more hindered approach for the bulky phosphine than the standard Mayr substrates 31,32 Thus, the Ad E 3 mechanism herein characterized for ClBcat-induced thioboration appears to operate even for this more highly electrophilic boron reagent (Scheme 1, Step C).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This inversed reactivity could be attributed to the high concentration of HBr in the reaction medium, signaling a reaction profile that is different from that in diluted reaction medium. [29] …”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Abgesehen davon, dass Vinylkationen gegenüber der Art des Nukleophils weniger empfindlich sind -i hre Reaktion verläuft mit schwachen Nukleophilen fast ebenso effizient wie mit elektronenreicheren -, [4] wurde bislang nur eine,f ürd iese Kationen einzigartige Eigenschaft in gewissem Umfang untersucht:i hre carbenähnliche Reaktivität. Ausd er Untersuchung geht außerdem hervor, dass ihre Herstellung eine große Herausforderung bleibt, da es die hohe intrinsische Barriere zu überwinden gilt.…”
Section: C(sp 3 )-H-funktionalisierung ·C Arbenanaloga ·C Arbokationeunclassified
“…[1] Als Unterklasse wurden disubstituierte,sp-hybridisierte Vinylkationen in den letzten Jahren nur wenig beachtet, und ihre Anwendungen in der Synthese sind noch sehr begrenzt. Abgesehen davon, dass Vinylkationen gegenüber der Art des Nukleophils weniger empfindlich sind -i hre Reaktion verläuft mit schwachen Nukleophilen fast ebenso effizient wie mit elektronenreicheren -, [4] wurde bislang nur eine,f ürd iese Kationen einzigartige Eigenschaft in gewissem Umfang untersucht:i hre carbenähnliche Reaktivität. [2b] Das weckte das Interesse von Synthesechemikern, und es folgte eine Blütezeit, in der die Grundlagen der Reaktivitätvon Vinylkationen erarbeitet wurden.…”
unclassified
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