Objective: Household is a fundamental unit in many fields. This study was to analyse consistency degree and people’s health service needs from the perspective of household.Methods: A multi-stage random sampling was conducted. A total of 7293 individuals in 2715 households were interviewed, and 1606 individuals in 803 empty-nest households were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was used to ask each individual about their health service needs in empty nest households. The consistency degree was calculated based on their consistent answers to the questionnaire, and a correlation analyse was used to study the relationship of individuals’ health service needs in the same empty nest households. A family collective model was used to analyse household-based health service needs.Results: Individual’s needs consistency rates in empty nest households, such as diagnosis and treatment service(H1), follow-up service for chronic disease(H2), telemedicine care(H3), physical examination service(H4), health education service(H5), mental healthcare(H6), and Chinese traditional medicine service(H7) were 40.30%, 89.13%, 98.85%, 58.93%, 57.95%, 72.84%, and 63.40%, respectively. Service needs of H1, H3, H4, H5, H7 for individuals in the same empty nest households had significant correlations with each other (r=0.404, 0.177, 0.286, 0.265, 0.220, P<0.001). Health service needs from a perspective of household in rural China mainly included H1 (12.4%), H4 (44.2%), H5 (26.9%) and H7(18.9%). Conclusions: Individuals in the same household are highly consistent with each other in health service needs. Individuals could affect other members’ health service needs in their households, when one of them get illness, their spouse would likely to have same health service needs to avoid getting disease or to keep health. In this study, health service needs in empty nest households are mainly concerned with health promotion and maintenance services, which could be an indicator for primary care to improve the effectiveness of service delivery, such as family doctor and family-based health insurance system. Also, more focus should be paid on households that need great help on different health services.