Why and How Maxillofacial Disability and Impairment Due to Trauma Should be Quantified for Compensation: A Need for Nationwide Guidelines

Shah, Nehal; Palan, Soniya; Mahajan, Amit; Shah, P; Rakesh, Shah; Kumar, Prachur

doi:10.1007/s12663-013-0527-2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Additionally, delays in health-seeking behavior, accessing and receiving care for obstetric emergencies, financial, and health service-related factors were also mentioned as contributing factors to maternal death [ 13 , 14 ]. The crude domestic product (GDP) per individual in Ethiopia become approximately US$360 with a growth rate of 7–8% in a year, and about 30% of its population surviving under the national poverty line, and a huge percentage of health costs funded via out-of-pocket many bills [ 15 , 16 ]. Then, out-of-pocket expenses leftovers a chief supply of health financing for the Ethiopian population and it is a substantial obstacle for gain access to and using maternal health care services [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between health insurance enrolment and maternal health care service utilization among women in Ethiopia

Seid

Ahmed

2021

BMC Public Health

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Background Health insurance was considered as the third global health transition which can increase access to health care services by eliminating monetary obstacles to maternal health care use, particularly in emerging nations. Hence, this study aimed to assess the association between health insurance enrolment and maternal health care service utilization among women in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data set. About 4278 mothers who had delivered at least one child in the last five years of the survey were selected in the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to measure the relationship between health insurance enrolment and maternal health care service utilization by controlling confounders An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p-values < 0.05 were well-thought-out to state the imperative association. Results The overall health insurance coverage among the women was 4.7%. About, 18.1% of women from households in the poorest wealth quantile had no health insurance coverage for maternal health care services. Moreover, 84% of women lived in a rural area did not enclose by health insurance. According to multivariate logistic regression, the likelihoods of ANC utilization were 1.54 times (AOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.06–2.25) higher among mothers who were enrolled in health insurance compared to their counterparts. In the same vein, the likelihoods of been attended by a skilled birth attendant were 1.84 times (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.1–3.08) higher among mothers who were enrolled in health insurance. Conclusions This study has shown that women enrolled in health insurance were associated with skilled delivery and recommended ANC utilization than women who did not enroll in health insurance. Health insurance enrolment enterprises must be available to all pregnant women, particularly those of poorer socioeconomic rank.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between health insurance enrolment and maternal health care service utilization among women in Ethiopia

Seid

Ahmed

2021

BMC Public Health

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“…Diagnostic accuracy together with type and timing of treatments significantly affect the clinical evolution of such traumas, allowing to improve functional results and limit cosmetic damages. Interestingly, the severity of maxillofacial injuries may be considerable, and can divert clinicians' attention from other concomitant injuries that are less evident but potentially life-threatening 10, 11, 12, 13. The aim of this study was to find out the concomitant injuries in patients admitted for maxillofacial traumas to the Emergency Department (ED) of the University Hospital Messina (North-East Sicily, Italy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maxillofacial and concomitant serious injuries: An eight-year single center experience

Famà

Cicciù

Sindoni

et al. 2017

Chinese Journal of Traumatology

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PurposeMaxillofacial injuries are frequently associated with multiple trauma and can determine functional and aesthetic bad outcomes. The severity of maxillofacial injuries may be considerable and can divert clinicians' attention from other concomitant injuries which is less evident but potentially life-threatening. The aim of this study was to find out the concomitant injuries in patients referred to the Emergency Department (ED) of the University Hospital of Messina (North-East Sicily, Italy) for maxillofacial traumas.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated data of 240,833 patients admitted at the ED of the University Hospital of Messina from January 2008 to December 2015 because of maxillofacial injuries leading to hospitalization and surgical treatment. Patients who primarily received treatment care at different institutions, pediatric trauma patients and adult patients who were transferred in accordance with pre-existing agreements in case of paucity of beds were excluded. Finally we included 447 (0.2%) patients over the 8 years. Data were evaluated with emphasis on epidemiology (age, gender, mechanism of trauma), primary survey and abnormalities and pattern of trauma.ResultsThe most frequent cause of maxillofacial trauma was road accidents (319 patients, 71.4%), among which motorcycle ones were prevalent. The maxillofacial injured who presented major lesions were 98 patients and minor lesions occurred in 349 patients; 443 (99.1%) patients underwent maxillofacial surgery, immediate or delayed depending on the severity of concomitant injuries (χ2 = 557.2, p < 0.0001). Five concomitant neglected lesions were found to be associated with severe maxillofacial traumas (χ2 = 17.13, p < 0.0001 vs minor lesions). All of the neglected lesions occurred in paucisymptomatic patients who showed painless abdomen, no hemodynamic instability, no signs of hematoma of anterior and posterior abdominal wall or other suspicious clinical signs and symptoms.ConclusionAmong the patients admitted firstly in other surgical wards different from the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, diagnosis was more difficult, especially for blunt abdominal traumas, in which patients showed only vague and nonspecific symptoms concealing serious and life-threatening injuries. We recommend the routine use of whole body CT scan, when the maxillofacial injuries appear prevalent, mainly in patients affected by maxillofacial major lesions.

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“…Although the Indian judiciary has decided cases for compensation to people with maxillofacial injuries, no protocol exists to define it as a disability and measure outcomes in terms of loss of function [10]. The lack of a uniform disability assessment tool across the nation is a major obstacle in providing prompt and fair redress to the victim of a traumatic life event such as maxillofacial injury and has alarming legal implications.…”

Section: The Indian Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Maxillofacial defects following road traffic accidents should be included in the disability spectrum

Shetty

2024

IJME

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In India, 21.20% of annual road traffic accidents (RTA) result in maxillofacial injuries, with most victims being young adults aged 18-45 years. Such RTAs cause personal losses to individuals and families and adversely impact the country’s health system facilities. These losses result from the expenses for medical care, lost wages for individuals who are rendered unable to work, and lost productivity for family members who must miss work or school in order to care for the injured. Most nations lose 3% of their gross domestic product to road accidents. RTA injuries, often associated with severe morbidity, cause functional impairments and have immense psychological impact. Rehabilitating these patients and their future treatment needs constitute an economic burden to themselves and their families, more so in a developing country like India, where a majority of the population cannot afford the treatment costs and lack health insurance coverage. These injuries therefore, as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health 2001, fall within the ambit of impairment and disability. However, Indian law does not identify maxillofacial injuries and the ensuing trauma as disabilities. Addressing this could be an important step towards improvement in the care and compensation provided to survivors of such life changing accidents.

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Why and How Maxillofacial Disability and Impairment Due to Trauma Should be Quantified for Compensation: A Need for Nationwide Guidelines

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Association between health insurance enrolment and maternal health care service utilization among women in Ethiopia

Association between health insurance enrolment and maternal health care service utilization among women in Ethiopia

Maxillofacial and concomitant serious injuries: An eight-year single center experience

Maxillofacial defects following road traffic accidents should be included in the disability spectrum

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