Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy

Reese, Ellen; Gilens, Martin

doi:10.2307/2655419

Cited by 69 publications

(139 citation statements)

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“…For example, an influential body of literature on racial priming (e.g. Gilens, 1999;Mendelberg, 2001) has demonstrated that racialized cues in mass communications, such as political campaigns and media content, increase the salience of racial attitudes in the evaluation of specific candidates or policies. Exposure to implicit racial cues, such as racially coded phrases like inner city or gang violence, has a strong and significant effect on support for more punitive political candidates and policies, particularly among individuals who are White, less educated, more politically conservative, and harbor greater racial animus toward Black persons (Domke, 2001;Huber and Lapinski, 2006;Peffley and Hurwitz, 2010;White, 2007).…”

Section: Black Criminality Racial Resentment and Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of language on the stigmatization and exclusion of returning citizens: Results from a survey experiment

Jackl

2021

Punishment & Society

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Although the use of person-centered language has increased in recent years, its usage remains limited within the field of criminal justice, wherein terms such as ex-offender are frequently used to describe formerly incarcerated individuals. Research suggests that person-centered language matters for public opinion, but prior work has not examined the effect of language on support for the social reintegration of returning citizens. The present research experimentally manipulates the effects of the language used to describe individuals released from incarceration and the race of a hypothetical returning citizen on the following outcomes: negative stereotype endorsement, attitudinal social distance, and support for reintegrative initiatives. I find that person-centered language significantly reduces stigmatization of returning citizens, which ultimately increases support for reintegrative services. These findings suggest that humanizing changes to criminal justice discourse may have the capacity to shift public opinion and create a social context more conducive to reintegration after incarceration.

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Section: Black Criminality Racial Resentment and Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of language on the stigmatization and exclusion of returning citizens: Results from a survey experiment

Jackl

2021

Punishment & Society

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“…Incorporating groups into American Life -moving from the slums into the suburbsmimics Park's race relation cycle. Today, the minority communities are less desirable for various reasons (Chavez, 2008;Da´vila, 2004;Gilens, 2000). The Black community was not the only exception to the race relation cycle, but their undesirability was more pronounced based on phenotype.…”

Section: The Ghetto and The Black Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This linkage pathologised communities of colour and primarily affected African American and Latino communities. Within the larger discourse, the underclass's utilisation was synonymous with those living under the poverty line, which most often was viewed as Black and Latino as represented by the culture industry (Gilens, 2000).…”

Section: The Genealogy Of the Underclassmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To move forward, we must look back: White supremacy at the base of urban studies

Barba

2022

Urban Studies

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The concretisation of the Chicago School solidified and inscribed in the city their obsession with the ‘Negro Problem’, race, race relations and (im)migration. Their fixation not only framed modern sociology with an emphasis on the ‘Other’ but cemented a taken-for-granted undergirding of Whiteness at its base. As a discipline, until we can name, point out, understand and highlight that form of violence, urban sociology will be deficient in understanding the city, particularly, but not limited to the US. As an alternative, I offer Du Boisian sociology, critical race theory, and global critical race and racism to aid in moving away from an unstated Whiteness. This article shows how Whiteness is at the base of the urban question and its consequences via the trajectory of the first sociologists of colour trained at the Chicago School, the work on the ghetto, underclass and the effects of such work.

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“…It is reasonable to assume that Black individuals who use drugs and resemble these racial drug stereotypes will be perceived as more likely to have a SUD and more deserving of punishment when compared to White individuals who use drugs. In addition, receiving welfare likely contributes to an interaction of female with receiving welfare, such as a "welfare queen" stereotype (Gilens, 1996(Gilens, , 1999Gilman, 2013;Hancock, 2004). Moreover, the opioid epidemic has contributed to the drug stereotype of a White person who uses opioids, which may elicit more sympathetic perceptions of SUD and less punitive judgements relative to a Black person who uses opioids.…”

Section: Race Drug Stereotypes and Drug Enforcement In The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Substance Use Disorder and Associated Sanctions: A Factorial Vignette Experiment

Kuettel

2022

Criminal Justice Review

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This study examines whether characteristics of people who use drugs (PWUD) influence public perceptions of substance use disorder (SUD) and punitiveness. Using a full-factorial vignette experiment, a nationwide sample (N = 448), and a series of regression models, I estimate the causal effect of characteristics of PWUD on substance use evaluations and punitiveness. Results reveal that drug type and prior criminal drug record affected both SUD and punitive judgements, implying a prosocial punitiveness, where punishments are intended to rehabilitate. Demographics of PWUD (e.g., race, sex, etc.) mattered little. However, racial resentment moderated the relationship between SUD and punitiveness, suggesting aggressive punitiveness. These findings imply that SUD evaluations and punitiveness are linked in the public mind, suggesting that citizens may see punishments as a way to address SUD by helping PWUD recover. This is not true for racially resentful respondents, who appear to want to punish PWUD for punishment's sake.

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Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

The effects of language on the stigmatization and exclusion of returning citizens: Results from a survey experiment

The effects of language on the stigmatization and exclusion of returning citizens: Results from a survey experiment

To move forward, we must look back: White supremacy at the base of urban studies

Perceptions of Substance Use Disorder and Associated Sanctions: A Factorial Vignette Experiment

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