Whose space is privately owned public space? Exclusion, underuse and the lack of knowledge and awareness

Lee, Dahae

doi:10.1080/17535069.2020.1815828

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These spaces have been referred to as "pseudo public spaces" (Banerjee, 2001 p. 11) and as "quasi-public space" (Pratt, 2017, p. 2) As cities grow, and as developable land within their boundaries becomes increasingly limited, it's become challenging to provide open spaces for the public to enjoy. This is especially difficult in cities where land values are too costly for local governments to build and maintain new public spaces (Lee, 2020). POPS are a solution that a number of cities have turned to in order to meet the increased demand for open spaces, including Toronto.…”

Section: Privately Owned Public Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled spaces: exploring the integration of smart surveillance technologies in Toronto's privately owned publicly accessible spaces

Nicholson

2023

Preprint

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Smart technologies are enabling the collection of fine grain data that offer valuable insights to the enhancement of cities. However, these technologies also enable constant and invasive surveillance of individuals in public spaces, and data collected from smart surveillance can be used to control who and how a space is used. This becomes more complex in privately owned publicly accessible spaces (POPS), as these spaces are managed to serve interests defined by private entities rather than by the public. This paper examines how the cities of Amsterdam, Barcelona, New York, Portland and Toronto are managing the use of smart technologies in POPS. The analysis reveals privacy is an increasing concern, and while cities are regulating their own use of smart technologies few are addressing private sector use. Recommendations to the City of Toronto and urban planners are highlighted, along with suggestions for future research. Key words: Public Space, privately owned publicly accessible space, surveillance, smart technology, smart city

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Section: Privately Owned Public Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled spaces: exploring the integration of smart surveillance technologies in Toronto's privately owned publicly accessible spaces

Nicholson

2023

Preprint

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“…However, the characteristics of public spaces differ widely throughout history, showing how people change, how they live and shape their spaces. According to Lee (2022), new sorts of public spaces emerge as more public areas are co-produced by many stakeholders. These spaces are either private public spaces or semi-public spaces.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shopping centers versus traditional open street bazaars: A comparative study of user’s preference in the city of Karachi, Pakistan

Iqbal

Nazir

Memon

2022

Front. Built Environ.

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Bazaars have always been a center of social, economic, and cultural exchange. Bazaars as public spaces were responsible for creating an ideal public setting to enhance social interactions for everyone. However, over a period of time, the concept of Bazaars has changed. Modern shopping centers seem to be an appropriate alternative to bazaars in terms of accessibility, quality of space, maintenance, sense of safety and security, and leisure activities. Karachi, being the commercial hub of Pakistan, hosts a load of business centers and marketplaces around the city. However, parts of the old bazaars in Karachi have been slowly destroyed to make room for wider streets and roads in Karachi, and new forms of shopping centers have been emerging across the city. This research will investigate the preference of people for traditional bazaars vs. shopping centers and the attribute of shopping centers that aided in their preference. This aim will be achieved by 1) understanding the evolving concepts of public spaces in Karachi and 2) investigating people’s preference for shopping centers vs. Bazaars and the impact of services offered by shopping centers on user satisfaction. A comparative case study technique is used. Data is collected through an online survey in relation to a traditional bazaar and a newly built shopping center in Karachi, Pakistan. The finding results show that the success of shopping centers is generally influenced by indicators like atmosphere, safety, accessibility, and leisure activities while people visit traditional open street bazaars in Karachi for the economical prices and accessibility to public transportation. On the other hand, the avoiding behavior of users towards traditional bazaars is reported due to narrow pathways, unmaintained environment, no parking and toilet facilities, and a large influx of people. Although these results are not the first ones in the literature, they are new in relying on findings from a cosmopolitan city in Pakistan. Finally, this study provides some recommendations that can serve urban planners and other practitioners to integrate these indicators at the earliest conceptual design phases when planning and managing open street bazaars in developing countries.

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“…Since their first introduction in New York City in the 1960s, POPS have become a popular mechanism to increase public space in urban areas (Schmidt et al 2011). POPS are co-produced public spaces in the sense that they are the result of collaboration between different actors including the public and private sectors (Lee, 2022a). The existing literature on POPS focuses on the role of the local authorities and developers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-production of privately owned public space: Who, why, when, and how?

Lee,

Scholten

2024

Urban Des Int

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The term ‘co-production’ has been used in various fields, including planning, as collaborative forms of public goods and service delivery gain significance. Co-production has two sides—the ‘co’ side refers to actors and their motivations, while the ‘production’ side refers to phases and instruments. This paper examines privately owned public space/s (POPS) based on the two sides of co-production. Thereby, it addresses two research gaps. First, less has been written to date on the involvement of actors other than local authorities and developers. Second, little attention has been paid to the phase through which POPS are co-produced. The paper fills these research gaps by presenting the empirical work undertaken in HafenCity, Hamburg. It reveals a wide range of actors engaged in four different phases through various instruments. This paper also identifies challenges of co-production of POPS, and makes recommendations.

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Whose space is privately owned public space? Exclusion, underuse and the lack of knowledge and awareness

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Controlled spaces: exploring the integration of smart surveillance technologies in Toronto's privately owned publicly accessible spaces

Controlled spaces: exploring the integration of smart surveillance technologies in Toronto's privately owned publicly accessible spaces

Shopping centers versus traditional open street bazaars: A comparative study of user’s preference in the city of Karachi, Pakistan

Co-production of privately owned public space: Who, why, when, and how?

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