Whose property whose authority? Gendering the legal and customary practices in ownership and access to land: A case of Swat, Pakistan

The Other Side of Zakat in Poverty Reduction: A Phenomenology Study

“…As a result, the utilization of zakat should take the form of consumptive relief of the temporary burden given once a year, and there is no attempt to free them to become independent. As a result, the burden on the lives of needy and poor people will only disappear for a while and then will return to being needy and poor again (Jin et al, 2020;Kamla & Alsoufi, 2015;Kamla & Haque, 2019;Khalid et al, 2015;Kuran, 2019).…”

“…The existing zakat system so far have not been able to see the real root of the problem, or in other words, they do not go directly to the heart of the conflict. One reason is that the perspective used in the concept of zakat and the existing zakat system is a formalistic religious view rather than substantivity, meaning that so far zakat has only been seen as an act of rationality and mere ceremonial (Kamla & Haque, 2019;Khalid et al, 2015;Kuran, 2019;Mahat et al, 2015). Zakat is seen as worship that only has personal and individual dimensions; it does not touch the social aspect, so that zakat does not affect any social life.…”

“…needy and poor population who are unable to help themselves. Zakat is one step to reduce poverty that occurs in the community (Abdul-MajeedAlaro & Alalubosa, 2019;Abdullah et al, 2015;Alim, 2015;Kamla & Haque, 2019;Khalid et al, 2015;Kuran, 2019;Mahat et al, 2015;Morris et al, 2020)we specifically highlight the role of internal collaborators associated with AAOIFI like Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs. The impact of zakat on poverty reduction is significant and it runs automatically (built-in) in the Islamic system.…”

Revisiting A Theory of Access: A review

“…Besta (2013+) in her gendered study of seaweed farming on Songo Songo Island, Tanzania, attempts to combine the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (see above), A Theory of Access, and Sen's Co-operative Conflict Model (Sen 1991) to analyse benefits from seaweed and power relations at the inter and intra-household level. Khalid et al (2015+) explores legal pluralism in the context of Pakistan, showing how women's rights are intertwined with notions of property, and specifically access to land. The authors show how custom takes precedence over religious values, and how civil laws are compromised while settlements are made in the name of customs, resulting in the denial of women's rights.…”

Social Vulnerability and Local Adaptation in Humanitarian Response: The Case of Pakistan

“…In addition, gender disparities in terms of education, income-earning opportunities and mobility hinder many women's participation in activities which could reduce their vulnerability to both fast-and slow-onset hazards. In general, limited livelihood options, education opportunities, health facilities, functioning institutions, and security for large parts of the population in Swat have all increased people's vulnerability to floods (Khalid, Nyborg and Nawab 2015;Elahi, Nyborg and Nawab 2015;Khan, Shanmugaratnam and Nyborg 2015).…”