Whole-transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes in the ray florets and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Liu, Hua; Sun, Ming; Du, Dongliang; Pan, Huitang; Cheng, Tangren; Wang, Jia; Zhang, Qixiang; Gao, Yu

doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2733-z

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There have been some reports of floral organ regulation in the Compositae. For example, some studies have shown that CYC-like genes play an important role in the symmetry of ray floret in members of the Compositae (Chapman et al, 2012;Juntheikki-Palovaara et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2016;Mizzotti et al, 2015). Ray floret architecture in chrysanthemum may range from a flat type (lateral symmetry) to tubular type (radial symmetry), and we found that there are many intermediate states between these extremes, suggesting that this is quantitative character.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Quantitative Classification of the Morphological Traits of Ray Florets in Large-flowered Chrysanthemum

Song

Kang

Fan

et al. 2018

horts

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The large-flowered Chinese chrysanthemum is one of the most morphologically complex ornamental plants, and its identification and classification requires a well-defined and reproducible system. The diversity of the capitulum is determined mainly by multiple shapes of ray florets. However, the existing classification systems for ray floret types are incomplete and unsystematic. In this study, 299 ray florets from 151 large-flowered chrysanthemum varieties in China, as well as 12 related traits of ray florets, were selected for quantitative classification. First, as one of the most important indices of ray floret shape, the corolla tube merged degree (CTMD) was defined as the corolla tube length/ray floret length (CTL/RFL). Combined with a probability grading method and linear regression analysis, the CTMD was divided into three groups, flat, spoon, and tubular, of which the CTL/RFL ranged from 0 to 0.20, 0.20 to 0.60, and 0.60 to 1.00, respectively. Second, Q-mode cluster analysis indicated that each group could be further categorized into three types (straight, curved, and atypical), based on other important variables in the ray floret. Finally, the ray floret was classified into nine types, including flat-straight, flat-curve, flat-atypical, spoon-straight, spoon-curve, spoon-atypical, tubular-straight, tubular-curve, and tubular-atypical. This ray floret classification system will be valuable in the classification of capitulum shape and has significance for the identification, breeding, and international standardization of chrysanthemum cultivars.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Quantitative Classification of the Morphological Traits of Ray Florets in Large-flowered Chrysanthemum

Song

Kang

Fan

et al. 2018

horts

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“…In this study, homologs of PI and AP3 were identified, but the expression of TM6-like genes was not detected. In contrast, the expression of TM6like genes was detected in chrysanthemums in earlier studies [23,24]. We also identified homologs of the C-class gene AG and E-like MADS-box genes in this study.…”

Section: Identification Of Genes Involved In the Photoperiod Pathway supporting

confidence: 39%

Pistils may be required for anthocyanin synthesis —— the whole-transcriptome analysis of mutant and normal capitula of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Liu

Luo

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most economically important and popular floricultural crops in Asteraceae. Chrysanthemums have many different flower colors and shapes. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the development of chrysanthemum floral colors and shapes is still an enigma. We obtained a cut chrysanthemum variety with mutant capitula in which the ray florets became green and the inside pistils became vegetative buds, while normal capitula have many rounds of purple ray florets and few disc florets. Results We conducted whole-transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and normal capitula using third-generation and second-generation sequencing techniques. We identified DEGs between the mutant and normal capitula to reveal important regulators underlying their differential development. Regulatory genes involved in the photoperiod pathway and the control of floral organ identification as well as important functional genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway were also identified. Therefore, a list of candidate genes for studying flower development and anthocyanin synthesis in chrysanthemums was generated. Qualitative analysis of pigments in the florets of normal and mutant capitula revealed anthocyanins were synthesized and accumulated in the florets of normal capitula, but not in the florets of mutant capitula. It was indicated that pistils may be required for anthocyanin synthesis in chrysanthemums. Conclusions These results will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of floral organ development and will contribute to the development of techniques for studying flower shape and color regulation to promote breeding in chrysanthemum.

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“…Its inflorescence is formed by a set of marginal ray florets and a set of central disc florets. Taking advantage of next‐generation sequencing, a number of differentially expressed genes were identified from a pairwise comparison of ray florets and disc florets of chrysanthemum (Liu et al ., ). Our previous study showed that auxin and some key transcription factors were involved in the growth of chrysanthemum petals (Wang et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comprehensive characterization of a floral mutant reveals the mechanism of hooked petal morphogenesis in Chrysanthemum morifolium

Ding

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary The diversity of form of the chrysanthemum flower makes this species an ideal model for studying petal morphogenesis, but as yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying petal shape development remain largely unexplored. Here, a floral mutant, which arose as a bud sport in a plant of the variety ‘Anastasia Dark Green’, and formed straight, rather than hooked petals, was subjected to both comparative morphological analysis and transcriptome profiling. The hooked petals only became discernible during a late stage of flower development. At the late stage of ‘Anastasia Dark Green’, genes related to chloroplast, hormone metabolism, cell wall and microtubules were active, as were cell division‐promoting factors. Auxin concentration was significantly reduced, and a positive regulator of cell expansion was down‐regulated. Two types of critical candidates, boundary genes and adaxial–abaxial regulators, were identified from 7937 differentially expressed genes in pairwise comparisons, which were up‐regulated at the late stage in ‘Anastasia Dark Green’ and another two hooked varieties. Ectopic expression of a candidate abaxial gene, CmYAB1, in chrysanthemum led to changes in petal curvature and inflorescence morphology. Our findings provide new insights into the regulatory networks underlying chrysanthemum petal morphogenesis.

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Whole-transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes in the ray florets and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Quantitative Classification of the Morphological Traits of Ray Florets in Large-flowered Chrysanthemum

Quantitative Classification of the Morphological Traits of Ray Florets in Large-flowered Chrysanthemum

Pistils may be required for anthocyanin synthesis —— the whole-transcriptome analysis of mutant and normal capitula of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Comprehensive characterization of a floral mutant reveals the mechanism of hooked petal morphogenesis in Chrysanthemum morifolium

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