Whole-rock and sulfide lead-isotope data from the hydrothermal JADE field in the Okinawa back-arc trough

Actively forming Kuroko-type volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) mineralization at Iheya North, Okinawa Trough, Japan

“…Lead in the JADE deposits is derived from both sediments and volcanic rocks (Halbach et al, 1997;Zeng et al 2000), similar to the Kuroko-type VHMS deposits of Japan (Fehn et al, 1983). For comparison, the influence of sediment in mafic dominated hydrothermal systems is provided by ODP legs to the unsedimented TAG VHMS mound and the sedimented Middle Valley (summarized by Shanks, 2012).…”

Hydrothermal Activity in the Okinawa Trough Back-Arc Basin: Geological Background and Hydrothermal Mineralization

“…Systematic studies on fluid inclusions (Lüders et al 2001(Lüders et al , 2002Lüders and Niedermann 2010) demonstrated evidence for subseafloor phase separation and its influence on the mineralization. Lead isotope data from ores, igneous rocks and sediments suggested that both surrounding sediments and volcanic rocks contributed comparable amounts of lead to the deposit (Halbach et al 1997). Zeng et al (2009) reported minor elements composition and U-series isotope data of sulfide/ sulfate deposits.…”

“…It is reasonable to expect enrichment in Pb in the hydrothermal ores from the Okinawa Trough, compared with those from the mid-ocean ridge setting, as both island arc magma and surrounding continental crust are enriched in Pb (e.g. Halbach et al 1997).…”

Sulfur and lead isotopic compositions of massive sulfides from deep-sea hydrothermal systems: Implications for ore genesis and fluid circulation

“…The S and Pb isotope characteristics of massive sulfide deposits from modern seafloor hydrothermal systems in mid-ocean ridges (MORs) and back-arc basins (BABs) have been summarized by Halbach et al (1989Halbach et al ( , 1997, Fouquet and Marcoux (1995), Verati et al (1999), Seal et al (2000), Zeng et al (2000a, b), Shanks (2001), Cousens et al (2002), Kim et al (2004Kim et al ( , 2006, Hannington et al (2005), and Yao et al (2009).…”

“…Lead isotopic compositions of seafloor hydrothermal sulfides indicate that the lead is most likely derived from three sources: (1) basalts at MORs (e.g., Brévart et al, 1981;LeHuray et al, 1988;Fouquet and Marcoux, 1995;Zeng et al, 2010); (2) sediments at BABs (e.g., Halbach et al, 1997;Zeng et al, 2000b) and MORs (e.g., LeHuray et al, 1988;Zierenberg et al, 1993;Cousens et al, 2002); (3) volcanic rocks that have inherited lead from the subducted slab, including basalt and its sediment at BABs Kim et al, 2004). On sediment-starved ridges, the Pb in hydrothermal sulfides is considered to have been mobilized from the volcanic crust during hydrothermal circulation based on the sulfide Pb isotope compositions that are indistinguishable from that of the local basalt (e.g., Brévart et al, 1981;Vidal and Clauer, 1981;LeHuray et al, 1988;Fouquet and Marcoux, 1995;Andrieu et al, 1998;Zeng et al, 2010).…”