Whole-Mount Immunofluorescence Staining, Confocal Imaging and 3D Reconstruction of the Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Node in the Mouse

Xia, Ruibing; Vlcek, Julia; Bauer, Julia; Kääb, Stefan; Ishikawa-Ankerhold, Hellen; Heuvel, Dominic Adam van den; Schulz, Christian; Maßberg, Steffen; Clauß, Sebastian

doi:10.3791/62058

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Given the size, mouse AV node is challenging to identify without immunostaining. 382 Genetic have generated to establish the important transcription factors and ion channels in the AV node (noted in the above section atrioventricular block). Interestingly, disruption of tissue resident macrophages in the AV node, by either knockout of Cx43 in these cells or by genetic ablation of macrophages using diphtheria toxin receptor/diphtheria treatment, lead to progressive AV conduction block.…”

Section: Complete Heart Block and Av Node Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias

Blackwell

Schmeckpeper

Knollmann

2022

Circulation Research

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Cardiac arrhythmias are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 10% to 15% of all deaths. Although most arrhythmias are due to acquired heart disease, inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies disproportionately affect children and young adults. Arrhythmogenesis is complex, involving anatomic structure, ion channels and regulatory proteins, and the interplay between cells in the conduction system, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and the immune system. Animal models of arrhythmia are powerful tools for studying not only molecular and cellular mechanism of arrhythmogenesis but also more complex mechanisms at the whole heart level, and for testing therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes basic and clinical arrhythmia mechanisms followed by an in-depth review of published animal models of genetic and acquired arrhythmia disorders.

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Section: Complete Heart Block and Av Node Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias

Blackwell

Schmeckpeper

Knollmann

2022

Circulation Research

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“…To investigate cell-type specific effects in the conduction system, Xia et al the atrioventricular node (AVN) in mice 9 , 10 followed by microdissection and fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate and study macrophages 9 or by whole-mount immunofluorescence imaging. This allows the identification of different cell types, the evaluation of the three-dimensional structure, and the study of cell-type specific protein expression within the SAN/AVN 10 . Furthermore, multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings can be performed on such whole-mount preparations as presented by Kumar et al 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Toolkit to Investigate the Complex Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Clauß¹

2023

JoVE

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“…Outside histological remodeling, little is known about the molecular changes associated with secondary complete heart block. Given the size, mouse AV node is challenging to identify without immunostaining 139 . Genetic have generated to establish the important transcription factors and ion channels in the AV node (noted in the above section atrioventricular block).…”

Section: Animal Models Of Acquired Arrhythmia Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

New drug discovery of cardiac anti-arrhythmic drugs: insights in animal models

Sharma,

Singh,

Bhat

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Cardiac rhythm regulated by micro-macroscopic structures of heart. Pacemaker abnormalities or disruptions in electrical conduction, lead to arrhythmic disorders may be benign, typical, threatening, ultimately fatal, occurs in clinical practice, patients on digitalis, anaesthesia or acute myocardial infarction. Both traditional and genetic animal models are: In-vitro: Isolated ventricular Myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscles, Patch-Clamp Experiments, Porcine Atrial Myocytes, Guinea pig ventricular myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscle: action potential and refractory period, Langendorff technique, Arrhythmia by acetylcholine or potassium. Acquired arrhythmia disorders: Transverse Aortic Constriction, Myocardial Ischemia, Complete Heart Block and AV Node Ablation, Chronic Tachypacing, Inflammation, Metabolic and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia. In-Vivo: Chemically induced arrhythmia: Aconitine antagonism, Digoxin-induced arrhythmia, Strophanthin/ouabain-induced arrhythmia, Adrenaline-induced arrhythmia, and Calcium-induced arrhythmia. Electrically induced arrhythmia: Ventricular fibrillation electrical threshold, Arrhythmia through programmed electrical stimulation, sudden coronary death in dogs, Exercise ventricular fibrillation. Genetic Arrhythmia: Channelopathies, Calcium Release Deficiency Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Short QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome. Genetic with Structural Heart Disease: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Atrial Fibrillation, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Atrioventricular Block, Preexcitation Syndrome. Arrhythmia in Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Both traditional and genetic, experimental models of cardiac arrhythmias’ characteristics and significance help in development of new antiarrhythmic drugs.

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Whole-Mount Immunofluorescence Staining, Confocal Imaging and 3D Reconstruction of the Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Node in the Mouse

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias

Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias

An Innovative Toolkit to Investigate the Complex Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias

New drug discovery of cardiac anti-arrhythmic drugs: insights in animal models

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