Whole Milk and Oral RehydrationS Solution for Calves with Diarrhea of Spontaneous Origin

Garthwaite, B.D.; Drackley, J.K.; McCoy, G.C.; Jaster, E.H.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77018-1

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The milk intake of calves decreased in the period of diarrhea in all feeding regimens which may be due to a reduced appetite (Garthwaite et al, 1994). However, the milk a.l.þwater-ORS calves had with 7.2 L/d higher milk intakes than the milk-ORS (5.1 L/d) and water-ORS calves (4.8 L/d) in the period of diarrhea.…”

Section: Feeding Regimes P Feeding Regimementioning

confidence: 87%

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Wenge

Steinhöfel²,

Heinrich³

et al. 2014

Livestock Science

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a b s t r a c tDiarrheic calves are fed with milk or milk replacer and oral rehydration solutions (ORS) to ensure energy and electrolyte supply. An easy and time-saving method is the preparation of ORS in milk. As milk-based ORS are hypertonic solutions administration of them may trigger thirst. Therefore, we hypothesized that restrictively fed calves receiving ORS prepared in milk had a higher water intake than restrictively and ad libitum fed calves receiving ORS prepared in water during diarrheic episodes.The daily water intake was measured in 100 individually-housed Holstein Friesian calves from day 2 to 21 of life. One group of the calves was fed with restrictive amounts of milk, the other group got milk ad libitum by an automated milk feeder. Nearly all calves spontaneously developed diarrhea within the observation period from day 2 to 21 of life. In cases of diarrhea the restrictively-fed calves received ORS prepared in milk or ORS prepared in water two hours after their milk meal, whereas the ad libitum-fed calves only got ORS prepared in water. All calves had ad libitum access to water. The daily intake of water, milk, and ORS and weight gain during diarrheic episode were determined. Data were expressed as arithmetic means ( 7standard deviation) and analyzed by using a oneway ANOVA or repeated-measures ANOVA.From day 2 to 21 of life calves fed with restrictive amounts of milk had higher water intakes related to the total dry matter intake (DMI) with 1.6 L/kg of total DMI than ad libitum-fed calves (0.9 L/kg of total DMI) per day. In cases of diarrhea water intake increased in all feeding groups. The calves receiving milk-based ORS had the highest water intake with 1.7 L/d during the period of diarrhea compared to the calves received ORS prepared in water. Moreover, the calves fed ORS in milk showed with 4.6 L/d the highest daily ORS intake. There were no differences in the duration of diarrhea or the daily weight gain during period of diarrhea between the feeding regimens. Therefore, it can be concluded that all feeding regimens were suitable in the treatment of calf diarrhea. The simplest method to treat calves suffering from diarrhea is the preparation of ORS in milk, but then ad libitum availability of water is absolutely necessary. Moreover, calves drink considerable amounts of water within the first 3 weeks of life and therefore should be provided with water for animal welfare reasons.

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Section: Feeding Regimes P Feeding Regimementioning

confidence: 87%

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Wenge

Steinhöfel²,

Heinrich³

et al. 2014

Livestock Science

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“…The most common cause of decreases in plasma volume is the loss of sodium-containing fluid, as in diarrhoea (Boyd, 1981), which is often observed in SS-affected broiler chicks. It has been reported that electrolyte supplementation to drinking water improved the state of animals suffering from diarrhoea (Koiwa et al, 1990Mitchell et al, 1992Garthwaite et al, 1994;Naylor and Liebel, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Stunting syndrome in broilers: Effect of electrolytes in drinking water on performance and intestinal glucose transport

Shapiro

Nir²,

Shinder³

et al. 1999

British Poultry Science

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Posthatched naive or inoculated male broiler chicks were kept in separate rooms. An inoculum was prepared from intestines of stunting-syndrome affected broiler chicks. Tap water was supplied from 2 L cups, 1 cup per pen. In the Ist experiment, the naive chicks were provided with tap water only and the inoculated ones had free access to tap water or to an electrolyte solution. In the 2nd experiment, the naive and inoculated birds had free access to water in addition to an electrolyte solution. Supplementation was provided up to 3 weeks of age; thereafter all chicks had access to tap water only. Water or electrolyte consumption and body weight (BW) were determined. Total water intake of inoculated chicks was higher than that of naive counterparts (P<0.001). Electrolyte supplementation increased drinking (P<0.001) in inoculated birds more than in naive ones. At 1 week old the weight of the inoculated birds was about 64% of the weight of naive ones; at the age of 4 and 6 weeks it was about 74% and 86% respectively. Compensatory growth was most apparent in the inoculated chicks provided with electrolyte solution. At the age of 6 weeks, the latter exceeded the BW of the exclusively water supplied counterparts by 327 g. Electrolyte supplementation up to the age of 3 weeks had no effect on the naive counterparts. Osmolality was reduced slightly, but very significantly by inoculation; electrolyte supply had no effect on this variable. Sodium concentration in the plasma was higher in the inoculated birds. Plasma albumin was markedly reduced by inoculation on weeks 1 and 2. Whereas the inoculated chicks supplied with electrolytes resumed the level plasma albumin level of the naive chicks on week 3, an over-compensation occurred in the inoculated-water-supplied (IW) group, and they surpassed the naive chicks significantly. Blood hematocrit increased significantly with age; inoculation, age and/or electrolyte supplementation had no effect on this variable. Sodium-dependent glucose transport rates were enhanced in vesicles obtained from inoculated chicks as compared to naive ones. While electrolyte supplementation had no effect on glucose active transport in naive chicks, electrolyte supplementation decreased rates of glucose active transport in inoculated ones. These data demonstrate that electrolyte supplementation during the early age may be used to enhance the tolerance of broiler chicks to stunting-syndrome by improving food and water consumption, and subsequently growth rate during and after cessation of electrolyte supply.

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“…The suspension of milk intake resulted in a greater weight loss (FETTMANN et al, 1986;GARTHWAITE et al, 1994;GOODELL et al, 2012), and in more severe energy imbalance and hypoglycemia, which is not compensated by OES intake even those containing high levels of glucose. If the calf is depressed or refuses to suckle, the milk supply can be suspended for no more than 12 hours and a hypertonic OES (containing high glucose concentration) should be, preferably, administered (SMITH, 2009;SMITH & BERCHTOLD, 2014).…”

Section: Composition Of the Oral Electrolyte Solutions (Oes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteral fluid therapy in neonatal calves and features of commercially available electrolyte solutions in Brazil

et al. 2017

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INTRODUCTIONThe fluid therapy is indicated for the treatment of diseases that determine dehydration and electrolyte and acid base imbalances and is; therefore, commonly used in ruminants medicine, especially in calves. The goals of the replacement of fluids and electrolytes are the correction of present imbalances, the restoration of blood volume and adequate tissue perfusion and the treatment of shock in animals (CONSTABLE, 2003).Fluid and electrolyte replacement can be performed by enteral hydration (EH) or by intravenous infusion (IV). The EH has advantages over IV and should be the modality of choice whenever possible (BERCHTOLD, 2009). It is easier and cheaper, and should be considered equally effective, whenever the gastrointestinal transit is present and dehydration is not marked (CONSTABLE, 2003).Diarrhea is the main disease that affects neonatal calves and can cause mortality due to the imbalances that are installed (SMITH, 2009). Economic losses are related to the death and to additional costs with drugs, labor and veterinary care. When animals survive, the losses occur due to low performance and reduction in the daily body weight gain (MILLEMANN, 2009).In the treatment of diarrheic calves the therapy with oral electrolyte solutions (OES) is the most important measure. The goal is to correct the dehydration, to reverse the hyponatremia and the CLINIC AND SURGERY

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Whole Milk and Oral RehydrationS Solution for Calves with Diarrhea of Spontaneous Origin

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets

Stunting syndrome in broilers: Effect of electrolytes in drinking water on performance and intestinal glucose transport

Enteral fluid therapy in neonatal calves and features of commercially available electrolyte solutions in Brazil

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