Whole-Gut Transit Time and Its Relationship to Absorption of Macronutrients during Diarrhoea and after Recovery

Molla, Ayesha; Sarker, Supta; Khatun, M

doi:10.3109/00365528309181634

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…There are few studies of motility during virus diarrhea, and none of them has investigated the possible involvement of the ENS in the motility response. The reported studies suggest, however, that transit time for charcoal is increased in viral diarrhea in humans (Molla et al, 1983). In line with this, Burrows and Merritt (1984) recorded an increasing number of motor activity fronts in the jejunum of neonatal pigs infected with the porcine coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus.…”

Section: Ens and The Intestinal Secretion Evoked By Rotavirusmentioning

confidence: 62%

I, 3. The enteric nervous system and infectious diarrhea

Lundgren

Svensson

2003

Perspectives in Medical Virology

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Section: Ens and The Intestinal Secretion Evoked By Rotavirusmentioning

confidence: 62%

I, 3. The enteric nervous system and infectious diarrhea

Lundgren

Svensson

2003

Perspectives in Medical Virology

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“…This illness is considered to be one of the most important risks for the development of malnutrition [24]. Diarrhea and other infections affect the body's economy through a number of mechanisms including the decreased absorption of nutrients [22,24,25]. The provision of simple carbohydrates in a balanced proportion, as present in some juices, may facilitate energy balance even during the illness and may be positive for the infant's nutritional rehabilitation [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the impact of fruit juice consumption on the evolution of infants with acute diarrhea

Valois

Costa-Ribeiro

Mattos

et al. 2005

Nutr J

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In order to assess the effects of juice feedings during acute diarrhea a double-blind, randomized study was performed in 90 children, mean age of 10 ± 4.28 months. Thirty patients with acute diarrhea were fed twice-daily 15 ml/kg of Apple Juice (AJ), 30 received White Grape Juice (WGJ), and 30 were given colored and flavored water (WA) as part of their age appropriate dietary intake. The duration and severity of diarrhea were the main endpoint variables of the study performed in a metabolic unit. The patients were similar among the 3 groups, had diarrhea for 50-64 hours prior to admission, and were dehydrated when admitted to the unit for study. Half of the patients in each group were well nourished and the others had mild to moderate degrees of malnutrition. Rotavirus infection was the agent causing the illness in 63% of the patients. The infants fed juice ingested 14-17% more calories than those given WA, (those receiving AJ and WGJ ingested 95 and 98 Calories/Kg/d respectively) whereas those receiving WA consumed 81 cal/kg/d). The increased energy intake was not at the expense of other foods or milk formula. The mean body weight gain was greater among patients receiving WGJ (+ 50.7 gm) as compared with the patients in the AJ group (+ 18.3 gm) or the patients fed WA (-0.7 gm) (p = 0.08). The duration of the illness was longer in the infants fed juice as compared with those given WA (p = 0.006), the mean +/-SD duration in hours was 49.4 ± 32.6, 47.5 ± 38.9 and 26.5 ± 27.4 in patients fed AJ, WGJ and WA respectively. All patients improved while ingesting juice and none of them developed persistent diarrhea; most recovered within 50 hours of the beginning of treatment and less than one fourth had diarrhea longer than 96 hours in the unit. The fecal losses were also increased among the juice fed patients (p = 0.001); the mean ± SD fecal excretion in g/kg/h was 3.94 ± 2.35, 3.59 ± 2.35, and 2.19 ± 1.63 in AJ, WGJ and WA respectively. The stool output was highest during the first day of treatment among all the patients, though those fed AJ had the highest volume of fecal losses and those who received WA had the lowest stool excretion. After the first day of treatment the differences in fecal excretion were not significant. The ability to tolerate carbohydrates during the illness and immediately after recovery was similar among the 3 groups of patients. Intake of juices with different fructose/glucose ratios and osmolarities resulted in more fecal losses and more prolonged diarrhea as compared with water feedings, but the patients given juice ingested more calories and gained more weight, particularly among those being fed the juice with equimolar concentrations of fructose and glucose.

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“…For example, children with diarrhea who continue a nor mal diet (presumably with higher colonic levels of SCFA) have a smaller fecal output than those who change to a liquid diet [31]. Similarly, rice powder has been shown to be superior to glucose in oral rehydration solu tions, perhaps because of the presence of amino acids and oligopeptides (which en hance small bowel absorption) as well as polysaccharides capable of generating SCFA in the colon [32,33], This assumption that the colon is capable of generating SCFA in the presence of gastroenteritis is supported by studies in transmissible gastroenteritis, a viral illness of pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Enterotoxins and Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Water and Electrolyte Fluxes in Heal and Colonic Loops in vivo in the Rat

Ramakrishna

Nance

et al. 1990

Digestion

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The effect of cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) on the ileum and colon was examined in vivo in the rat in an attempt to clarify the effects of enterotoxins on colonic mucosa and to determine if these effects were influenced by short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Both CT and ST induced similar changes in water and electrolyte fluxes, and the magnitude of these changes in loops of colon was similar to that observed in loops of ileum. The addition of luminal SCFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate did not influence the effect of either toxin in loops of ileum. However, in loops of colon exposed to CT, luminal butyrate (40 mM) largely reversed the effect of CT by converting net water secretion (mean ± SE, -363 ± 154 nl•cm^-2•min^-1) to net water absorption (470 ± 194 nl·cm^-2·min^-1) and by significantly reducing the net secretion of sodium ions. In loops of colon exposed to ST, similar effects were observed although net water secretion (-784 ± 114 nl•cm^-2•min^-1) was only partially reversed by butyrate (-318 ± 102 nl•cm^-2•min^-1). In contrast to butyrate, acetate and propionate did not influence changes in colonic fluxes of water and sodium induced by enterotoxins. Oxidation of butyrate and glucose was observed to be depressed in colonocytes pre-exposed to CT but not to ST. In this model, colonic secretion induced by enterotoxins is similar to that observed in the ileum but differs from ileal secretion in its modulation by luminal butyrate.

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Whole-Gut Transit Time and Its Relationship to Absorption of Macronutrients during Diarrhoea and after Recovery

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

I, 3. The enteric nervous system and infectious diarrhea

I, 3. The enteric nervous system and infectious diarrhea

Controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the impact of fruit juice consumption on the evolution of infants with acute diarrhea

The Effects of Enterotoxins and Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Water and Electrolyte Fluxes in Heal and Colonic Loops in vivo in the Rat

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