Whole grain cereals: the potential roles of functional components in human health

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

The burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) varies substantially across different geographical locations. However, there was no further quantitative analysis of regional social development and the disease burden of CRC. In addition, the incidence of early- and late-onset CRC has increased rapidly in developed and developing regions. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the trends in CRC burden across different regions, in addition to the epidemiological differences between early and late-onset CRC and their risk factors. In this study, estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was employed to quantify trends in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life-years. Restricted cubic spline models were fitted to quantitatively analyze the relationship between trends in ASIR and Human Development Index (HDI). In addition, the epidemiological characteristics of early- and late-onset CRC were investigated using analyses stratified by age groups and regions. Specifically, meat consumption and antibiotic use were included to explore the differences in the risk factors for early- and late-onset CRC. The quantitative analysis showed that the ASIR of CRC was exponentially and positively correlated with the 2019 HDI in different regions. In addition, the growing trend of ASIR in recent years varied substantially across HDI regions. Specifically, the ASIR of CRC showed a significant increase in developing countries, while it remained stable or decreased in developed countries. Moreover, a linear correlation was found between the ASIR of CRC and meat consumption in different regions, especially in developing countries. Furthermore, a similar correlation was found between the ASIR and antibiotic use in all age groups, with different correlation coefficients for early-onset and late-onset CRC. It is worth mentioning that the early onset of CRC could be attributable to the unrestrained use of antibiotics among young people in developed countries. In summary, for better prevention and control of CRC, governments should pay attention to advocate self-testing and hospital visits among all age groups, especially among young people at high risk of CRC, and strictly control meat consumption and the usage of antibiotics.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic analysis of the global and regional burden of colon and rectum cancer and the difference between early- and late-onset CRC from 1990 to 2019

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

“…29 Secondly, WG foods could improve glycolipid metabolism. In detail, evidence from epidemiological studies has demonstrated that WG food intake was inversely associated with hypertriglyceridemia and higher concentrations of LDL-C. [30][31][32] For a more specific mechanism, WG is high in dietary fiber, in particular soluble fiber, which might reduce cholesterol concentrations by inhibiting reabsorption of bile acid and by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the colon. 33 Then, it could result in lipolysis of fat in the liver and the production of short-chain fatty acids, peripheral peptide tyrosine-tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High consumption of whole grain foods decreases the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Framingham Offspring Cohort

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

Tang

Hao

et al. 2022

Aims: To examine the longitudinal associations between total and individual whole grain (WG) food intake and the risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia.Methods: This study included 2958 subjects (mean age at baseline was 61 AE 9 years) from the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Standardized interviews, physician examinations, and laboratory tests were collected approximately every 4 years, and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was conducted in cycle 5. Proportional hazards models and cubic spline regression examined associations between WG foods and all-cause dementia and AD dementia.Results: Over an average of 12.6 years of follow-up, there were 322 dementia cases, of which 247 were AD dementia. After multivariate and dietary adjustments, individuals with the highest category for total WG food consumption had a lower risk of all-cause dementia [HR 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.81] and AD dementia (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46-0.78) than individuals with the lowest category. The results remained comparable in different subgroups stratifying for age, sex, education, body mass index, and smoking status without significant interaction. Moreover, these inverse associations were seen for most individual WG foods except popcorn. A nonlinear dose-response association was shown between total WG intake and all-cause dementia and AD dementia, where the rate reduction slightly plateaued at more than one and two servings/day, respectively.Conclusions: Higher consumption of total and several common individual WG foods was strongly associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia and AD dementia.

“…First, although we carefully adjusted for potential confounders, we cannot entirely rule out the possibility of residual confounding by unmeasured factors, such as dietary variables, sleep duration, and physical activity. It is well known that the daily diet has a significant impact on diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases [ 31 ]. The study population was in the “oriental diet” pattern, and they often consumed beans, which contain isoflavones, which can have beneficial effects on diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Diabetes Mellitus in Stroke Patients

Luo

Jiang

International Journal of Endocrinology

et al. 2022

Background. Previous studies have revealed that triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol (TRL-c) is closely related to diabetes mellitus (DM) in hypertensive patients. However, this relationship in stroke patients has not been reported. The aims of this study are to investigate the relationship between TRL-c and diabetes in adult Chinese stroke. Methods. Patients with stroke treated in the Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected. TRL-c was calculated from total cholesterol minus (high-density and low-density lipoprotein). DM was diagnosed based on previous medical history (diagnosed by secondary hospitals or above) and/or current use of hypoglycemic drugs and/or intravenous blood glucose measurement (fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or nonfasting blood glucose > 11.1 mmol/L). The relationship between the TRL-c and DM was determined using multivariate logistic regression, smoothing curve fitting (penalized spline method), and subgroup analysis. Results. A total of 890 patients with stroke (age, 66.1 ± 11.8 years) were enrolled, including 329 females. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that TRL-c had a positive association with DM (OR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.89). Strong linear associations of TRL-c with DM were confirmed by restricted cubic spline analysis. And the association between TRL-c and DM was consistent in the different subgroups. Conclusion. Positive associations were found between TRL-c and DM in patients with stroke.