Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

Rodrigues, Camilla; Kapil, Arti; Sharma, Anita; Ragupathi, Naveen Kumar Devanga; Inbanathan, Francis Yesurajan; Veeraraghavan, Balaji; Kang, Gagandeep

doi:10.1128/genomea.01639-16

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) producing S . Typhi isolates, which confer resistance to third-generation cephalosporins have been reported in India and Pakistan[ 19 , 20 ]. The Indian isolates carried IncX3 and IncA plasmids which encoded bla SHV-12 and bla CMY-2 determinants[ 19 ], as well as bla TEM-1B and bla DHA-1 probably on an IncN plasmid[ 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe temporal and spatial change in trends of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in typhoid have not been systematically studied, and such information will be critical for defining intervention, as well as planning sustainable prevention strategies.Methodology and findingsTo identify the phenotypic trends in AMR, 13,833 individual S. Typhi isolates, reported from 1973 to 2018 in 62 publications, were analysed to determine the AMR preponderance over time. Separate analyses of molecular resistance determinants present in over 4,000 isolates reported in 61 publications were also conducted. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) typhoid is in decline in Asia in a setting of high fluoroquinolone resistance while it is on the increase in Africa. Mutations in QRDRs in gyrA (S83F, D87N) and parC (S80I) are the most common mechanisms responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. Cephalosporin resistant S. Typhi, dubbed extensively drug-resistant (XDR) is a real threat and underscores the urgency in deploying the Vi-conjugate vaccines.ConclusionFrom these observations, it appears that AMR in S. Typhi will continue to emerge leading to treatment failure, changes in antimicrobial policy and further resistance developing in S. Typhi isolates and other Gram-negative bacteria in endemic regions. The deployment of typhoid conjugate vaccines to control the disease in endemic regions may be the best defence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid

et al. 2018

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“…The azithromycin as well as third-generation cephalosporins have been preferred choices for the therapeutic management of typhoid due to the emergence of MDR phenotypes and fluoroquinolone resistance and mainly because of their broader spectrum as well the choice of oral or intravenous use. However, the cephalosporin-resistant S. Typhi isolates have been reported in past few years especially in South Asian countries with the sporadic case from Pakistan and India and the outbreak of typhoid being reported from Karachi (Sindh province), Pakistan [4,[18][19][20]. The third-generation cephalosporins, for instance, cefixime and ceftriaxone are currently the drug of choice for the treatment of enteric fever in South Asian countries and are generally usually for empirical therapy which is likely to drive the cephalosporin resistance among S. Typhi and many other Gram-negative bacteria [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, the resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was mainly mediated by the extendedspectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) among S. Typhi isolates from Pakistan and India [18,20]. The Indian isolates were reported to carry IncA and IncX3 plasmids and harboring blaSHV-12, blaCMY-2, blaDHA-1 and blaTEM-1B determinants [18,19]. An S. Typhi isolates encoding blaCTX-M15 gene on an IncY plasmid was recovered from the Democratic Republic of Congo [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Punjab, Pakistan

Saeed

Rasool

Rasheed

et al. 2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates have been increasingly reported from the Asian and African countries. The emergence of isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins has worsened the situation. Recently, an outbreak from Sindh, Pakistan was reported caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi strains. Methodology: In the present study, a total of 82 cases of typhoid have been investigated during 2018 from the febrile children referred to a tertiary care hospital in the population-wise largest province (Punjab) of Pakistan. S. Typhi was identified by standard microbiological techniques and isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance profiling and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. The presence of various ESBL genes in S. Typhi was confirmed by the PCR. Results: Out of the 82 isolates tested, 35 (43%) were found to be XDR; resistant to the first-line drugs. The resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was mainly mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases i.e. blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Conclusions: The higher prevalence of ESBL producing Salmonella typhi clinical strains raises the concern about transmission prevention and infection management in the community as well as clinical settings. Moreover, the study highlights the problem concerning the declining antibiotic arsenal for the therapeutic management of typhoid fever and the emergence and spread of XDR strains in Pakistan.

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“…To avoid clinical failures, third generation cephalosporins are now preferred for the treatment of MDR and nalidixic acid-resistant isolates due the rising DCS phenomenon. Although very low at present (1%), there is a gradual emergence of resistance among cephalosporins that being observed sporadically with their increased use [42,43] This emphasises the importance of this group of antibiotic as a reserve drug for treating MDR and ciprofloxacin resistant cases. Fluoroquinolones would still be the effective therapeutic regimen in our scenario because a good proportion of quinolones is found susceptible, but susceptibility test should be performed before starting the quinolone therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends in Salmonella enterica Isolates - A 6 Year Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

Dewan¹,

Verma²

2019

jemds

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Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

Cited by 34 publications

References 7 publications

A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid

A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Punjab, Pakistan

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends in Salmonella enterica Isolates - A 6 Year Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

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