Whole-genome sequencing and gene mapping of a newly isolated lytic enterococcal bacteriophage EFRM31

Fard, Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad; Barton, Mary; Arthur, Jane; Heuzenroeder, Michael W.

doi:10.1007/s00705-010-0800-3

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In total, 25 hypothetical protein genes were reported in Entfac.YE prophage. Similar genes were identified in the EFRM31 phage genome by Mazaheri et al 15 . Another gene was the tail tape measure protein, which determines the tail length and facilitates DNA transfer to the cell cytoplasm during cell infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Genome Analysis of the Enterococcus faecium Entfac.YE Prophage

Elahi¹,

Fard²,

Seifi³

et al. 2022

AJMB

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Background: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages are widely distributed in various environments. The prevalence of bacteriophages in water sources, especially wastewaters, is naturally high. These viruses affect evolution of most bacterial species. Bacteriophages are able to integrate their genomes into the chromosomes of their hosts as prophages and hence transfer resistance genes to the bacterial genomes. Enterococci are commensal bacteria that show high resistance to common antibiotics. For example, prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci has increased within the last decades. Methods: Enterococcal isolates were isolated from clinical samples and morphological, phenotypical, biochemical, and molecular methods were used to identify and confirm their identity. Bacteriophages extracted from water sources were then applied to isolated Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium). In the next step, the bacterial genome was completely sequenced and the existing prophage genome in the bacterial genome was analyzed. Results: In this study, E. faecium EntfacYE was isolated from a clinical sample. The EntfacYE genome was analyzed and 88 prophage genes were identified. The prophage content included four housekeeping genes, 29 genes in the group of genes related to replication and regulation, 25 genes in the group of genes related to structure and packaging, and four genes belonging to the group of genes associated with lysis. Moreover, 26 genes were identified with unknown functions. Conclusion: In conclusion, genome analysis of prophages can lead to a better understanding of their roles in the rapid evolution of bacteria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Genome Analysis of the Enterococcus faecium Entfac.YE Prophage

Elahi¹,

Fard²,

Seifi³

et al. 2022

AJMB

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“…A comparative analysis was performed to determine the degree of φVPE25 and φVFW genomic DNA similarity to seven recently characterized siphophages that infect E. faecalis (see Fig. S1A in the supplemental material) (20–23). φVPE25 and φVFW have short regions of similarity to these phages but are largely dissimilar at the nucleotide level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis for Lytic Bacteriophage Resistance in Enterococci

Duerkop

Huo

Bhardwaj

et al. 2016

mBio

116

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The human intestine harbors diverse communities of bacteria and bacteriophages. Given the specificity of phages for their bacterial hosts, there is growing interest in using phage therapies to combat the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. A significant barrier to such therapies is the rapid development of phage-resistant bacteria, highlighting the need to understand how bacteria acquire phage resistance in vivo. Here we identify novel lytic phages in municipal raw sewage that kill Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that resides in the human intestine. We show that phage infection of E. faecalis requires a predicted integral membrane protein that we have named PIPEF (for phage infection protein from E. faecalis). We find that PIPEF is conserved in E. faecalis and harbors a 160-amino-acid hypervariable region that determines phage tropism for distinct enterococcal strains. Finally, we use a gnotobiotic mouse model of in vivo phage predation to show that the sewage phages temporarily reduce E. faecalis colonization of the intestine but that E. faecalis acquires phage resistance through mutations in PIPEF. Our findings define the molecular basis for an evolutionary arms race between E. faecalis and the lytic phages that prey on them. They also suggest approaches for engineering E. faecalis phages that have altered host specificity and that can subvert phage resistance in the host bacteria.

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“…All of the phages described in this study (SHEF2, -4, -5, -6, and -7) belonged to the family Siphoviridae , a family of phages previously found to target E. faecalis (16, 19, 36, 37), alongside members of the Myoviridae (18, 20, 21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Identification of Novel Bacteriophages with Therapeutic Potential That Target Enterococcus faecalis

et al. 2019

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The Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis is frequently responsible for nosocomial infections in humans and represents one of the most common bacteria isolated from recalcitrant endodontic (root canal) infections. E. faecalis is intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics routinely used in clinical settings (such as cephalosporins and aminoglycosides) and can acquire resistance to vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant enterococci).

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Whole-genome sequencing and gene mapping of a newly isolated lytic enterococcal bacteriophage EFRM31

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Genome Analysis of the Enterococcus faecium Entfac.YE Prophage

Genome Analysis of the Enterococcus faecium Entfac.YE Prophage

Molecular Basis for Lytic Bacteriophage Resistance in Enterococci

Identification of Novel Bacteriophages with Therapeutic Potential That Target Enterococcus faecalis

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