Whole Genome-Based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity in Candida africana

Chowdhary, Anuradha; Hagen, Ferry; Sharma, Cheshta; Al‐Hatmi, Abdullah M. S.; Giuffrè, Letterio; Giosa, Domenico; Fan, Shang­rong; Badali, Hamid; Felice, Maria Rosa; Hoog, Sybren de; Meis, Jacques F.; Romeo, Orazio

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00556

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Candida africana shows a global distribution and mainly causes genital infections [7]. Review of C. africana in literature has been summarized in Additonal file 5: Table S5 and displayed as a world map in Additonal file 10: Figure S5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Candida africana from vulvovaginal candidiasis

et al. 2019

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Background Candida africana is distributed worldwide and colonized in human genitalia and cause mainly vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). We report the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of C. africana from VVC. Methods MLST analysis of 43 strains of C. africana, which were isolated from vaginal specimens of patients with VVC, was performed. The enzymatic activity of phospholipase, esterase and haemolysis enzyme production was evaluated.The level of virulent genes and resistant genes mRNA expression was determined by using real-time PCR. Antifungal susceptibilities of the isolates were assayed by using the broth microdilution method. The statistical of the results was determined by the T test and Pearson chi-squared test. Results The MLST analysis revealed a substantial degree of genetic homogeneity. The DST782 and DST182 were the main MLST genotypes in C. africana. All the patients were symptomatic and with a high mycological cure rate when treated with commonly used antifungal agents.There were statistically significant differences in biofilm formation and phospholipase activity between C. africana and C.albicans . The level of virulent genes and resistant genes mRNA expression was higher in fluconazole-resistant strains. All C. africana isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin. These isolates also exhibited low MICs to amphotericin B, flucytosine, and posaconazole. Conclusions Candida africana appear to be with a low level of sequence variation in MLST loci. Candida africana , a lower virulence candida, is susceptible to commonly used antifungal agents. This paper was presented at the conference of 8th Trend in Medical Mycology (6–9 October 2017, Belgrade, Serbia) and was published on conference abstract. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4071-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Candida africana represents the phenotypic variation occurring in C. albicans [5]. Candida africana colonized mainly in human genitalia and cause vaginal infections [6, 7]. Its distribution appears to be worldwide [5–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Candida africana from vulvovaginal candidiasis

et al. 2019

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“…Examples are Saccharomyces eubayanus / S. uvarum ( 101 ), Candida albicans / C. africana/C. stellatoidea ( 102 – 106 ), Candida auris / C. haemulonii/C. duobushaemulonii ( 107 – 112 ), Candida glabrata / C. nivariensis / C. bracarensis ( 103 , 113 – 115 ), Candida parapsilosis / C. orthopsilosis / C. metapsilosis ( 103 , 116 ), Malassezia furfur that now comprises 16 species ( 117 – 119 ), Trichosporon cutaneum with at least 10 species ( 120 , 121 ), the Aspergillus fumigatus complex ( 122 – 124 ), Coccidioides immitis / C. posadasii ( 100 ), and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis/P.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus

Hagen¹,

Lumbsch²,

Arsenijevic³

et al. 2017

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“…Our results revealed that GlcNAc was only able to inhibit C. tropicalis filamentation following its NGT1-mediated internalization. Candida species can utilize GlcNAc as a carbon source through a catabolic mechanism dependent upon HXK1, DAC1, and NAG1 [34,43,48]. We found that the expression of NGT1, HXK1, DAC1, and NAG1 were all significantly elevated in cells grown on GlcNAc-containing media relative to those grown on glucose-containing media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

NGT1 Is Essential for N-Acetylglucosamine-Mediated Filamentous Growth Inhibition and HXK1 Functions as a Positive Regulator of Filamentous Growth in Candida tropicalis

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Candida tropicalis is a pathogenic fungus that can cause opportunistic infections in humans. The ability of Candida species to transition between yeast and filamentous growth forms is essential to their ability to undergo environmental adaptation and to maintain virulence. In other fungal species, such as Candida albicans, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) can induce filamentous growth, whereas it suppresses such growth in C. tropicalis. In the present study, we found that knocking out the GlcNA-specific transporter gene NGT1 was sufficient to enhance C. tropicalis filamentous growth on Lee’s plus GlcNAc medium. This suggests that GlcNAc uptake into C. tropicalis cells is essential to the disruption of mycelial growth. As such, we further studied how GlcNAc catabolism-related genes were able to influence C. tropicalis filamentation. We found that HXK1 overexpression drove filamentous growth on Lee’s media containing glucose and GlcNAc, whereas the deletion of the same gene disrupted this filamentous growth. Interestingly, the deletion of the DAC1 or NAG1 genes impaired C. tropicalis growth on Lee’s plus GlcNAc plates. Overall, these results indicate that HXK1 can serve as a positive regulator of filamentous growth, with excess GlcNAc-6-PO4 accumulation being toxic to C. tropicalis. These findings may highlight novel therapeutic targets worthy of future investigation.

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Whole Genome-Based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity in Candida africana

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Candida africana from vulvovaginal candidiasis

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Candida africana from vulvovaginal candidiasis

Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Cryptococcus Genus

NGT1 Is Essential for N-Acetylglucosamine-Mediated Filamentous Growth Inhibition and HXK1 Functions as a Positive Regulator of Filamentous Growth in Candida tropicalis

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