Whole-Genome Analysis of Candidate genes Associated with Seed Size and Weight in Sorghum bicolor Reveals Signatures of Artificial Selection and Insights into Parallel Domestication in Cereal Crops

Tao, Yongfu; Mace, Emma; Tai, Shuaishuai; Cruickshank, Alan; Campbell, Bradley C.; Zhao, Xianrong; Oosterom, Erik van; Godwin, Ian D.; Botella, José Ramón; Jordan, David R.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01237

Cited by 63 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Candidate genes for grain size in sorghum were identified using the methods described by Tao et al (2017). Firstly, genes functionally determined to control grain size in rice and maize were collated through a literature search (Table S6).…”

Section: Candidate Gene Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale GWAS in sorghum reveals common genetic control of grain size among cereals

Tao

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary Grain size is a key yield component of cereal crops and a major quality attribute. It is determined by a genotype’s genetic potential and its capacity to fill the grains. This study aims to dissect the genetic architecture of grain size in sorghum. An integrated genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using a diversity panel (n = 837) and a BC‐NAM population (n = 1421). To isolate genetic effects associated with genetic potential of grain size, rather than the genotype’s capacity to fill the grains, a treatment of removing half of the panicle was imposed during flowering. Extensive and highly heritable variation in grain size was observed in both populations in 5 field trials, and 81 grain size QTL were identified in subsequent GWAS. These QTL were enriched for orthologues of known grain size genes in rice and maize, and had significant overlap with SNPs associated with grain size in rice and maize, supporting common genetic control of this trait among cereals. Grain size genes with opposite effect on grain number were less likely to overlap with the grain size QTL from this study, indicating the treatment facilitated identification of genetic regions related to the genetic potential of grain size. These results enhance understanding of the genetic architecture of grain size in cereal, and pave the way for exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms and manipulation of this trait in breeding practices.

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Section: Candidate Gene Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale GWAS in sorghum reveals common genetic control of grain size among cereals

Tao

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

Self Cite

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“…Indeed, the important roles of orthologous gene sequences in crop domestications have been widely revealed (Martin & Orgogozo, ). For example, orthologous sequences control at least a portion of the variation in flowering time (Calixto et al ., ), plant height (Jia et al ., ), grain stickiness (Meyer & Purugganan, ), seed size (Tao et al ., ), seed dormancy (Wang et al ., ), and seed and fruit dispersal or retention (Li & Olsen, ) across various crops (see examples in Table ). As variation for a number of these traits underlies new and orphan crop development priorities, focusing on relevant gene orthologues, defined by comparisons with suitable crop exemplars (further addressed below), is clearly of value.…”

Section: Approaches For Genetic Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of genetics in mainstreaming the production of new and orphan crops to diversify food systems and support human nutrition

et al. 2019

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Summary Especially in low‐income nations, new and orphan crops provide important opportunities to improve diet quality and the sustainability of food production, being rich in nutrients, capable of fitting into multiple niches in production systems, and relatively adapted to low‐input conditions. The evolving space for these crops in production systems presents particular genetic improvement requirements that extensive gene pools are able to accommodate. Particular needs for genetic development identified in part with plant breeders relate to three areas of fundamental importance for addressing food production and human demographic trends and associated challenges, namely: facilitating integration into production systems; improving the processability of crop products; and reducing farm labour requirements. Here, we relate diverse involved target genes and crop development techniques. These techniques include transgressive methods that involve defining exemplar crop models for effective new and orphan crop improvement pathways. Research on new and orphan crops not only supports the genetic improvement of these crops, but they serve as important models for understanding crop evolutionary processes more broadly, guiding further major crop evolution. The bridging position of orphan crops between new and major crops provides unique opportunities for investigating genetic approaches for de novo domestications and major crop ‘rewildings’.

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“…There is now increasing evidence that GW2 homologs exist in other cereal crops (e.g. maize, wheat and sorghum) and may also be involved in control of GW (Li et al ., ; Su et al ., ; Tao et al ., ). In hexaploid common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD), three TaGW2 homoeologs ( TaGW2‐A1 , ‐B1 and ‐D1 ) have been identified (Qin et al ., ), but only TaGW2‐A1 has been proved to affect GW, GWH and GL through mutant analysis (Simmonds et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of the functions of TaGW2 homoeologs in wheat grain weight and protein content traits

et al. 2018

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GW2 is emerging as a key genetic determinant of grain weight in cereal crops; it has three homoeologs (TaGW2-A1, -B1 and -D1) in hexaploid common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here, by analyzing the gene editing mutants that lack one (B1 or D1), two (B1 and D1) or all three (A1, B1 and D1) homoeologs of TaGW2, several insights are gained into the functions of TaGW2-B1 and -D1 in common wheat grain traits. First, both TaGW2-B1 and -D1 affect thousand-grain weight (TGW) by influencing grain width and length, but the effect conferred by TaGW2-B1 is stronger than that of TaGW2-D1. Second, there exists functional interaction between TaGW2 homoeologs because the TGW increase shown by a double mutant (lacking B1 and D1) was substantially larger than that of their single mutants. Third, both TaGW2-B1 and -D1 modulate cell number and length in the outer pericarp of developing grains, with TaGW2-B1 being more potent. Finally, TaGW2 homoeologs also affect grain protein content as this parameter was generally increased in the mutants, especially in the lines lacking two or three homoeologs. Consistent with this finding, two wheat end-use quality-related parameters, flour protein content and gluten strength, were considerably elevated in the mutants. Collectively, our data shed light on functional difference between and additive interaction of TaGW2 homoeologs in the genetic control of grain weight and protein content traits in common wheat, which may accelerate further research on this important gene and its application in wheat improvement.

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Whole-Genome Analysis of Candidate genes Associated with Seed Size and Weight in Sorghum bicolor Reveals Signatures of Artificial Selection and Insights into Parallel Domestication in Cereal Crops

Cited by 63 publications

References 137 publications

Large‐scale GWAS in sorghum reveals common genetic control of grain size among cereals

Large‐scale GWAS in sorghum reveals common genetic control of grain size among cereals

The role of genetics in mainstreaming the production of new and orphan crops to diversify food systems and support human nutrition

Analysis of the functions of TaGW2 homoeologs in wheat grain weight and protein content traits

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