Whole-Genome Analyses Identifies Multiple Reassortant Rotavirus Strains in Rwanda Post-Vaccine Introduction

Rasebotsa, Sebotsana; Uwimana, Jeannine; Mogotsi, Milton T.; Rakau, Kebareng G.; Magagula, N.B.; Seheri, Mapaseka L; Mwenda, Jason M.; Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey; Sabiu, Saheed; Mihigo, Richard; Mutesa, Léon; Nyaga, Martin M.

doi:10.3390/v13010095

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…On the other hand, the analysis of the multiple reassortant strain revealed the exchange of four genes between the Wa-like and DS-1-like strains, indicating an intergenogroup exchange of genetic material. The multiple reassortments of genes between the Wa-like and the DS-1-like have previously been reported from a study in Rwanda and Vietnam in the post-vaccination era [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Responsible for Breakthrough Diarrheal Diseases among Zambian Children Using Whole Genome Sequencing

Mwape,

Laban,

Chibesa

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The occurrence of rotavirus (RV) infection among vaccinated children in high-burden settings poses a threat to further disease burden reduction. Genetically altered viruses have the potential to evade both natural infection and vaccine-induced immune responses, leading to diarrheal diseases among vaccinated children. Studies characterizing RV strains responsible for breakthrough infections in resource-limited countries where RV-associated diarrheal diseases are endemic are limited. We aimed to characterize RV strains detected in fully vaccinated children residing in Zambia using next-generation sequencing. We conducted whole genome sequencing on Illumina MiSeq. Whole genome assembly was performed using Geneious Prime 2023.1.2. A total of 76 diarrheal stool specimens were screened for RV, and 4/76 (5.2%) were RV-positive. Whole genome analysis revealed RVA/Human-wt/ZMB/CIDRZ-RV2088/2020/G1P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 and RVA/Human-wt/ZMB/CIDRZ-RV2106/2020/G12P[4]-I1-R2-C2-M2-A2-N1-T2-E1-H2 strains were mono and multiple reassortant (exchanged genes in bold) respectively, whilst RVA/Human-wt/ZMB/CIDRZ-RV2150/2020/G12P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 was a typical Wa-like strain. Comparison of VP7 and VP4 antigenic epitope of breakthrough strains and Rotarix strain revealed several amino acid differences. Variations in amino acids in antigenic epitope suggested they played a role in immune evasion of neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination. Findings from this study have the potential to inform national RV vaccination strategies and the design of highly efficacious universal RV vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Responsible for Breakthrough Diarrheal Diseases among Zambian Children Using Whole Genome Sequencing

Mwape,

Laban,

Chibesa

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…Notably, one strain exhibited inter-genogroup reassortment at the NSP2 genome segment, and this reassortment phenomenon has also been reported in another G8P[4] study [ 54 ]. Reassortment of rotavirus genome segments is a relatively frequent phenomenon that generates reassortant rotavirus strains [ 11 , 12 , 15 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. These findings underscore the genotype constellation diversity of G8P[4] strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Post-Vaccine G8P[4] Group a Rotavirus Strains in Rwanda; Notable Variance at the Neutralization Epitope Sites

et al. 2023

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Africa has a high level of genetic diversity of rotavirus strains, which is suggested to be a possible reason contributing to the suboptimal effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in this region. One strain that contributes to this rotavirus diversity in Africa is the G8P[4]. This study aimed to elucidate the entire genome and evolution of Rwandan G8P[4] strains. Illumina sequencing was performed for twenty-one Rwandan G8P[4] rotavirus strains. Twenty of the Rwandan G8P[4] strains had a pure DS-1-like genotype constellation, and one strain had a reassortant genotype constellation. Notable radical amino acid differences were observed at the neutralization sites when compared with cognate regions in vaccine strains potentially playing a role in neutralization escape. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the closest relationship was with East African human group A rotavirus (RVA) strains for five of the genome segments. Two genome sequences of the NSP4 genome segment were closely related to bovine members of the DS-1-like family. Fourteen VP1 and eleven VP3 sequences had the closest relationships with the RotaTeq™ vaccine WC3 bovine genes. These findings suggest that the evolution of VP1 and VP3 might have resulted from reassortment events with RotaTeq™ vaccine WC3 bovine genes. The close phylogenetic relationship with East African G8P[4] strains from Kenya and Uganda suggests co-circulation in these countries. These findings highlight the need for continued whole-genomic surveillance to elucidate the evolution of G8P[4] strains, especially after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination.

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“…Most likely, it originated from locally co-circulated G1P[8] and G2P [4] rotaviruses [52]. Multiple G1P[8], G2P [4], G2P[8], G4P [4], G9P [4], and G12P[8] reassortants were found in Rwanda in 2011-2016 [53,54]. Thus, these cases may be considered as evidences of evolutionary rearrangements occurring in local rotavirus populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and full-genotype determination of rare and reassortant rotavirus A strains in Nizhny Novgorod in the European part of Russia

Sashina,

Velikzhanina,

Morozova

et al. 2023

Arch Virol

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Reassortant DS-1-like Rotavirus A strains have been shown to widely circulate in many countries around the world. In Russia, the real contribution of such strains remains unclear due to preferred use of the traditional binary classi cation only. In this work, we obtained data on partial sequencing of all 11 genome segments and presented the full-genotype constellations of rare and reassortant rotaviruses circulating in Nizhny Novgorod in 2016-2019. DS-1-like G3P[8] and G8P[8] strains were found, and it emphasized the global trend. Most likely, they were introduced into the territory of Russia from other countries, but subsequently underwent further evolutionary changes locally. G3P[8], G9P[8], and G12P[8] Wa-like strains withunusual for the territory of Russia subgenotypic lineages were also identi ed.Reassortant G2P[8], G4P[4], and G9P[4] strains with one Wa-like gene (VP4 or VP7) on a DS-1-like backbone were found and apparently had alocal origin. Feline-like G3P[9] and G6P[9] strains were phylogenetically close to BA222 isolated from Italian cat but carried some traces of reassortment with human strains from Russia and other countries. Thus, full-genotype investigation of Nizhny Novgorod Rotavirus A strains clari ed some questions related to their origin and evolution.

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Whole-Genome Analyses Identifies Multiple Reassortant Rotavirus Strains in Rwanda Post-Vaccine Introduction

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Responsible for Breakthrough Diarrheal Diseases among Zambian Children Using Whole Genome Sequencing

Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Responsible for Breakthrough Diarrheal Diseases among Zambian Children Using Whole Genome Sequencing

The Evolution of Post-Vaccine G8P[4] Group a Rotavirus Strains in Rwanda; Notable Variance at the Neutralization Epitope Sites

Detection and full-genotype determination of rare and reassortant rotavirus A strains in Nizhny Novgorod in the European part of Russia

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