Whole egg consumption increases gene expression within the glutathione pathway in the liver of Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats

Abstract

Nutrigenomic evidence supports the idea that Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) arises due to the interactions between the transcriptome, individual genetic profiles, lifestyle, and diet. Since eggs are a nutrient dense food containing bioactive ingredients that modify gene expression, our goal was to examine the role of whole egg consumption on the transcriptome during T2DM. We analyzed whether whole egg consumption in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats alters microRNA and mRNA expression across the adipose, liver, kidney, and prefrontal cortex tissue. Male ZDF (fa/fa) rats ( n = 12) and their lean controls (fa/+) ( n = 12) were obtained at 6 wk of age. Rats had ad libitum access to water and were randomly assigned to a modified semi-purified AIN93G casein-based diet or a whole egg-based diet, both providing 20% protein (w/w). TotalRNA libraries were prepared using QuantSeq 3' mRNA-Seq and Lexogen smallRNA library prep kits and were further sequenced on an Illumina HighSeq3000. Differential gene expression was conducted using DESeq2 in R and Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P -values controlling for false discovery rate at 5%. We identified 9 microRNAs and 583 genes that were differentially expressed in response to 8 wk of consuming whole egg-based diets. Kyto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes/Gene ontology pathway analyses demonstrated that 12 genes in the glutathione metabolism pathway were upregulated in the liver and kidney of ZDF rats fed whole egg. Whole egg consumption primarily altered glutathione pathways such as conjugation, methylation, glucuronidation, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. These pathways are often negatively affected during T2DM, therefore this data provides unique insight into the nutrigenomic response of dietary whole egg consumption during the progression of T2DM.

Indole-3-Acetic Acid Alters Intestinal Microbiota and Alleviates Ankylosing Spondylitis in Mice

“…The enriched pathways identified in the IAA group were primarily involved in metabolism, including retinol metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, and the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. The increased abundance of retinol metabolism was also found in lean control rats compared with diabetic fatty rats (105). Terpenoids and polyketides are bioactive substances, and the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides was significantly increased after weight loss in obese mice (106).…”

RNA Sequencing Reveals Key Metabolic Pathways Are Modified by Short-Term Whole Egg Consumption

“…Moreover, the literature indicates that dysregulated GST production has been implicated in conditions of obesity and T2D ( 41 ). It was previously reported that glutathione metabolism is regulated by egg yolk peptide consumption in a porcine model of oxidative stress ( 42 ), while in Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats WE consumption led to an upregulation in 14 GST-related enzymes across numerous tissues ( 43 ). In a meta-analysis of clinical studies with long-term egg consumption, there were no observed effects of WE consumption on blood inflammatory markers ( 44 ).…”