Whole‐Device Mass‐Producible Perovskite Photodetector Based on Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrodes

Abstract

because of its unique properties including high light absorption coefficient, high charge carrier mobility, and large charge carrier diffusion length. [11][12][13] Besides, high-quality perovskite films can be fabricated on a large scale by facile and inexpensive solution methods, which promote mass production of perovskite-based optoelectronics devices. [2,14,15] For example, a slot-die printing technology has been recently developed to continuously fabricate a formamidinium cesium lead triiodide (FACsPbI 3 ) perovskite film as large as 400 cm 2 in one batch. [16] In addition to perovskites for light absorbing and charge carrier generating, electrodes are also indispensable to optoelectronic devices for charge carrier collection. [17,18] Traditionally, noble metals including gold, [19,20] silver, [21,22] and platinum, [23] are used as electrodes for their high conductivity and appropriate work functions. [17] However, these metal electrodes are typically deposited onto the perovskite films by magnetron sputtering or thermal evaporation under extreme conditions (i.e., high temperature and vacuum), [8,18,24] hindering mass production of the perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. Thus, it is crucial to develop new electrodes to realize whole-device mass production.Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a promising candidate for this purpose. It has been employed as excellent electrodes for various electronic devices, [25][26][27] obtained by direct laser writing (DLW), a mask-free microfabrication technique with low cost and high scalability. [28] The conductivity of LIG electrodes is high [28] while the cost is low because it can be synthesized from multiple carbon sources ranging from commercially available polymer films to agricultural wastes. [29][30][31] Moreover, as a carbon material, LIG would have higher chemical stability than metal materials, which tend to react with lead halide species resulting in device degradation. [17,18,32] So far, LIG electrodes have been demonstrated for large-scale fabrication of microsupercapacitors, [25] wearable humidity sensors, [26] and soil sensors. [27] Therefore, LIG has the potential of serving as electrodes for perovskite-based optoelectronics and realizing whole-device mass production.To conceptually verify this idea, herein, we propose a whole-device mass-producible perovskite photodetector based on LIG electrodes, considering the critical significance of Perovskites have attracted enormous attention in optoelectronics, owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties, low-cost constituents, and simple solution fabrication approaches. Despite significant advances in large-scale production of perovskite films, electrode layers-indispensable components of an optoelectronic device-are typically fabricated by depositing noble metals onto perovskite films using complicated techniques, which hinder the large-scale production of optoelectronic devices. Herein, a whole-device mass-producible perovskite photodetector is developed using low-cost and high-scalability direct laser w...

Laser-induced graphene: synthesis advances, structural tailoring, enhanced properties, and sensing applications

“…LIG has been used as lateral electrodes of the photodetector for signal collection due to its low-cost, scalable, and fast fabrication process, making it a promising material for mass production of optoelectronic devices. [138][139][140][141] In addition, LIG-based lateral electrodes reduce the overall thickness of the photodetectors, leading to decreased strain and increased flexibility for the photodetectors. Qu et al 140 reported a mass-producible optical sensor based on perovskite as a light-sensitive material with LIG contact electrodes.…”

“…[138][139][140][141] In addition, LIG-based lateral electrodes reduce the overall thickness of the photodetectors, leading to decreased strain and increased flexibility for the photodetectors. Qu et al 140 reported a mass-producible optical sensor based on perovskite as a light-sensitive material with LIG contact electrodes. LIG electrodes were derived from polyimide via a photothermal laser manufacturing approach and formamidinium cesium lead triiodide perovskite was spin coated on LIG as a sensing material to make a LIG-perovskite composite with lateral LIG electrodes.…”

Wearable Sensor: An Emerging Data Collection Tool for Plant Phenotyping

“…The manufacturing process (Fig. 4 Bi) of the sensor involved the in-situ synthesis of a laser-induced graphene (LIG) interdigital electrode (IDE) on a flexible PI film using laser direct writing technology [ 65 – 68 ]. Then, a thin and uniform GO film was drop-casted onto the LIG-IDE to serve as the sensing element.…”

Non‐destructive grading technique for mangoes using a flexible impedance sensing system and YOLOv5s_CBAM

“…Conventional impedance sensors are typically rigid because they are constructed using materials like metal or hard plastic, which can potentially cause secondary damage to the fruit (Magar et al, 2021). Fortunately, recent advancements in flexible electronics have led to the extensive research and development of flexible sensors (Huang, Xia, et al, 2023; Qu et al, 2022, 2024), expanding their usability to curved or soft object surfaces and dynamically changing environments (Huang et al, 2024). Therefore, this study aims to develop a flexible impedance non‐destructive grading system that incorporates visual features.…”