Whole chromosome instability and cancer: a complex relationship

Ricke, Robin M.; Ree, Janine H. van; Deursen, Jan M. van

doi:10.1016/j.tig.2008.07.002

Cited by 142 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…63,64 When 'low-grade' (i.e., survivable) missegregation results in the loss of a gene that promotes faithful chromosome segregation and maintenance (or gain of another copy of a gene that disturbs these processes), then the cell acquires CIN -essentially, the ability to shuffle its genome until a stable, malignant phenotype is procured. 131 By contrast, in the absence of clustering, supernumerary centrosomes result in spindle multipolarity, which may cause aneuploidy of a mortally high grade. Alternatively, multipolar cells may arrest in mitosis and succumb to death via other mechanisms, 63,122 as depicted in Figure 4c.…”

Section: Disperse and Destroy: Induction Of Spindle Multipolarity As mentioning

confidence: 99%

Let's huddle to prevent a muddle: centrosome declustering as an attractive anticancer strategy

2012

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Nearly a century ago, cell biologists postulated that the chromosomal aberrations blighting cancer cells might be caused by a mysterious organelle-the centrosome-that had only just been discovered. For years, however, this enigmatic structure was neglected in oncologic investigations and has only recently reemerged as a key suspect in tumorigenesis. A majority of cancer cells, unlike healthy cells, possess an amplified centrosome complement, which they manage to coalesce neatly at two spindle poles during mitosis. This clustering mechanism permits the cell to form a pseudo-bipolar mitotic spindle for segregation of sister chromatids. On rare occasions this mechanism fails, resulting in declustered centrosomes and the assembly of a multipolar spindle. Spindle multipolarity consigns the cell to an almost certain fate of mitotic arrest or death. The catastrophic nature of multipolarity has attracted efforts to develop drugs that can induce declustering in cancer cells. Such chemotherapeutics would theoretically spare healthy cells, whose normal centrosome complement should preclude multipolar spindle formation. In search of the 'Holy Grail' of nontoxic, cancer cell-selective, and superiorly efficacious chemotherapy, research is underway to elucidate the underpinnings of centrosome clustering mechanisms. Here, we detail the progress made towards that end, highlighting seminal work and suggesting directions for future research, aimed at demystifying this riddling cellular tactic and exploiting it for chemotherapeutic purposes. We also propose a model to highlight the integral role of microtubule dynamicity and the delicate balance of forces on which cancer cells rely for effective centrosome clustering. Finally, we provide insights regarding how perturbation of this balance may pave an inroad for inducing lethal centrosome dispersal and death selectively in cancer cells.

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Section: Disperse and Destroy: Induction Of Spindle Multipolarity As mentioning

confidence: 99%

Let's huddle to prevent a muddle: centrosome declustering as an attractive anticancer strategy

2012

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“…To investigate the effects of genomic instability and resulting aneuploidy on carcinogenesis, various mouse models have been developed, mainly by targeting mitotic or other cell cycle regulators (Foijer, Draviam, & Sorger, 2008; Rao, Yamada, Yao, & Dai, 2009; Ricke, van Ree, & van Deursen, 2008; Schvartzman, Sotillo, & Benezra, 2010). Shugoshin‐1 (Sgo1) protects cohesin proteins and centrosome integrity (Salic, Waters, & Mitchison, 2004; Schöckel, Möckel, Mayer, Boos, & Stemmann, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous development of Alzheimer's disease‐associated brain pathology in a Shugoshin‐1 mouse cohesinopathy model

et al. 2018

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SummarySpontaneous late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) accounts for more than 95% of all human AD. As mice do not normally develop AD and as understanding on molecular processes leading to spontaneous LOAD has been insufficient to successfully model LOAD in mouse, no mouse model for LOAD has been available. Existing mouse AD models are all early‐onset AD (EOAD) models that rely on forcible expression of AD‐associated protein(s), which may not recapitulate prerequisites for spontaneous LOAD. This limitation in AD modeling may contribute to the high failure rate of AD drugs in clinical trials. In this study, we hypothesized that genomic instability facilitates development of LOAD and tested two genomic instability mice models in the brain pathology at the old age. Shugoshin‐1 (Sgo1) haploinsufficient (∓) mice, a model of chromosome instability (CIN) with chromosomal and centrosomal cohesinopathy, spontaneously exhibited a major feature of AD pathology; amyloid beta accumulation that colocalized with phosphorylated Tau, beta‐secretase 1 (BACE), and mitotic marker phospho‐Histone H3 (p‐H3) in the brain. Another CIN model, spindle checkpoint‐defective BubR1−/+ haploinsufficient mice, did not exhibit the pathology at the same age, suggesting the prolonged mitosis‐origin of the AD pathology. RNA‐seq identified ten differentially expressed genes, among which seven genes have indicated association with AD pathology or neuronal functions (e.g., ARC, EBF3). Thus, the model represents a novel model that recapitulates spontaneous LOAD pathology in mouse. The Sgo1−/+ mouse may serve as a novel tool for investigating mechanisms of spontaneous progression of LOAD pathology, for early diagnosis markers, and for drug development.

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“…Polyploidy is often observed in cancer cells, but it is not clear whether this phenomenon is a cause or result of cancer development (26,30,31). Previous studies showed that the failure of cytokinesis results in cell polyploidy and subsequent cell death (32) and that freshly generated polyploid cells are prone to undergo Bax-dependent mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and subsequent apoptosis (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel resveratrol analog HS-1793-induced polyploid LNCaP prostate cancer cells are vulnerable to downregulation of Bcl-xL

Jeong

Yoon²,

Rho³

et al. 2011

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. Since resveratrol is not a potent cytotoxic compound when compared with other chemotherapeutic agents, several previous studies have been performed to obtain synthetic analogs of resveratrol with potent activity. Our previous study demonstrated that the resveratrol analog HS-1793 showed stronger antitumor activity than resveratrol in various cancer cells. We examined the antitumor activity exerted by HS-1793 in prostate cancer cells, and we observed that HS-1793 acts as a polyploidy inducer. Noticeably, multinucleation and polyploidization were induced in most LNCaP cells treated with HS-1793 at the dose causing a slight decline in cell viability. However, the induction of multinucleation and polyploidization was much lower in PC-3 prostate cancer cells treated with the same dose of HS-1793. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that the expression of Aurora B was almost undetectable in LNCaP cells, but it was highly expressed in PC-3 cells. Further, silencing of Aurora B sensitized PC-3 cells to HS-1793-induced multi-nucleation. These results indicate that expression of Aurora B determines multinucleation in prostate cancer cells treated with HS-1793. Additional assays using multiple cancer cell lines show that the population of multinucleated cells induced by HS-1793 treatment is inversely proportional to Aurora B expression. We further elicited that the HS-1793-induced polyploid LNCaP cells are vulnerable to downregulation of Bcl-xL. Since the polyploidization in LNCaP induced by HS-1793 does not appear to cause definite commitment to apoptosis, the termination of polyploid cells by inhibition of Bcl-xL could provide an advantageous means to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy of HS-1793.

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Whole chromosome instability and cancer: a complex relationship

Cited by 142 publications

References 75 publications

Let's huddle to prevent a muddle: centrosome declustering as an attractive anticancer strategy

Let's huddle to prevent a muddle: centrosome declustering as an attractive anticancer strategy

Spontaneous development of Alzheimer's disease‐associated brain pathology in a Shugoshin‐1 mouse cohesinopathy model

The novel resveratrol analog HS-1793-induced polyploid LNCaP prostate cancer cells are vulnerable to downregulation of Bcl-xL

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