Whole-Brain Mapping of Direct Inputs to and Axonal Projections from GABAergic Neurons in the Parafacial Zone

Su, Yun-Ting; Gu, Meng-Yang; Chu, Xi; Xiao, Feng; Yu, Yan-Qin

doi:10.1007/s12264-018-0216-8

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The PZ is located in the medulla oblongata and is lateral and dorsal to the facial nerve. The GABAergic PZ has been identified as a medullary slow-wave sleep-promoting center [51][52][53], and here we found that the PZ projected directly to HMNs. This may be related to the decreased activity of HMNs during NREM sleep.…”

Section: Neural Circuitry Underlying the Modulation Of Hmn Activity Dsupporting

confidence: 63%

Whole-Brain Monosynaptic Inputs to Hypoglossal Motor Neurons in Mice

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypoglossal motor neurons (HMNs) innervate tongue muscles and play key roles in a variety of physiological functions, including swallowing, mastication, suckling, vocalization, and respiration. Dysfunction of HMNs is associated with several diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sudden infant death syndrome. OSA is a serious breathing disorder associated with the activity of HMNs during different sleep-wake states. Identifying the neural mechanisms by which the statedependent activities of HMNs are controlled may be helpful in providing a theoretical basis for effective therapy for OSA. However, the presynaptic partners governing the activity of HMNs remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we used a cell-type-specific retrograde tracing system based on a modified rabies virus along with a Cre/loxP gene-expression strategy to map the whole-brain monosynaptic inputs to HMNs in mice. We identified 53 nuclei targeting HMNs from six brain regions: the amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, and cerebellum. We discovered that GABAergic neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus, as well as calretinin neurons in the parasubthalamic nucleus, sent monosynaptic projections to HMNs. In addition, HMNs received direct inputs from several regions associated with respiration, such as the pre-Botzinger complex, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, and hypothalamus. Some regions engaged in sleep-wake regulation (the parafacial zone, parabrachial nucleus, ventral medulla, sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, periaqueductal gray, and hypothalamus) also provided primary inputs to HMNs. These results contribute to further elucidating the neural circuits underlying disorders caused by the dysfunction of HMNs. Keywords Hypoglossal motor neuron Á Monosynaptic input Á Rabies virus Á Respiration Á Sleep and wake Han Guo and Xiang-Shan Yuan contributed equally to this work.

show abstract

Section: Neural Circuitry Underlying the Modulation Of Hmn Activity Dsupporting

confidence: 63%

Whole-Brain Monosynaptic Inputs to Hypoglossal Motor Neurons in Mice

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The levels of NE, glutamate, and GABA in the PVN were measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (Waters-2465, Waters Corp., Milford, MA) as previously described [11,28,29]. Briefly, samples or standards were derivatized with o-phtaldialdehyde; 20 lL of the resulting mixture was automatically loaded onto a Novapark C18 reverse-phase column (150 mm 9 4.6 mm, 4 lm particle size, Waters), using a refrigerated autoinjector.…”

Section: High-performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Metformin Inhibits Salt-Sensitive Hypertension via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Neurohormonal Excitation in Rat Paraventricular Nucleus

Zhao

Hou

et al. 2018

Neurosci. Bull.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metformin (MET), an antidiabetic agent, also has antioxidative effects in metabolic-related hypertension. This study was designed to determine whether MET has anti-hypertensive effects in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats by inhibiting oxidative stress in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Salt-sensitive rats received a highsalt (HS) diet to induce hypertension, or a normal-salt (NS) diet as control. At the same time, they received intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of MET or vehicle for 6 weeks. We found that HS rats had higher oxidative stress levels and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than NS rats. ICV infusion of MET attenuated MAP and reduced plasma norepinephrine levels in HS rats. It also decreased reactive oxygen species and the expression of subunits of NAD(P)H oxidase, improved the superoxide dismutase activity, reduced components of the renin-angiotensin system, and altered neurotransmitters in the PVN. Our findings suggest that central MET administration lowers MAP in saltsensitive hypertension via attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system, and restoring the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the PVN.

show abstract

“…The dashed lines in Figure 2 denote the wake-promoting neurons' extensive projections to wake-promoting neural populations at other layers. Similar connections are not shown for the sleep-promoting neurons because they do not project as widely as wake-promoting neurons (Su et al, 2018). Rather, the sleep-promoting neurons primarily project locally within their respective layer-this is illustrated in the model via a delayed feedback path to reflect the influence of the sleep-promoting populations within their own layer.…”

Section: A Subsumption Model Of the Arousal Systemmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Layered Control Architecture of Sleep and Arousal

Chen

Sorooshyari

Lin

et al. 2020

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep and wakefulness are promoted not by a single neural pathway but via wake or sleep-promoting nodes distributed across layers of the brain. We equate each layer with a brain region in proposing a layered subsumption model for arousal based on a computational architecture. Beyond the brainstem the layers include the diencephalon (hypothalamus, thalamus), basal ganglia, and cortex. In light of existing empirical evidence, we propose that each layer have sleep and wake computations driven by similar high-level architecture and processing units. Specifically, an interconnected wake-promoting system is suggested as driving arousal in each brain layer with the processing converging to produce the features of wakefulness. In contrast, sleep-promoting GABAergic neurons largely project to and inhibit wake-promoting neurons. We propose a general pattern of caudal wake-promoting and sleep-promoting neurons having a strong effect on overall behavior. However, while rostral brain layers have less influence on sleep and wake, through descending projections, they can subsume the activity of caudal brain layers to promote arousal. The two models presented in this work will suggest computations for the layering and hierarchy. Through dynamic system theory several hypotheses are introduced for the interaction of controllers and systems that correspond to the different populations of neurons at each layer. The models will be drawn-upon to discuss future experiments to elucidate the structure of the hierarchy that exists among the sleep-arousal architecture.

show abstract

Whole-Brain Mapping of Direct Inputs to and Axonal Projections from GABAergic Neurons in the Parafacial Zone

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Whole-Brain Monosynaptic Inputs to Hypoglossal Motor Neurons in Mice

Whole-Brain Monosynaptic Inputs to Hypoglossal Motor Neurons in Mice

Chronic Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Metformin Inhibits Salt-Sensitive Hypertension via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Neurohormonal Excitation in Rat Paraventricular Nucleus

A Layered Control Architecture of Sleep and Arousal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About