Whole brain dynamics during optogenetic self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in mice

Cover, Christopher G.; Kesner, Andrew J.; Ukani, Shehzad; Stein, Elliot A.; Ikemoto, Satoshi; Yang, Yihong; Lu, Hanbing

doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01612-x

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“… 22 , 75 , 91 , 92 In self-stimulation applications, short events can be concentrated into self-stimulation ON periods, yielding designs which are nominally event-related but may residually benefit from block-design contrast characteristics depending on the statistical analysis. 77 …”

Section: Methods Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid fiber optic-fMRI for multimodal cell-specific recording and manipulation of neural activity in rodents

et al. 2022

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Section: Methods Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid fiber optic-fMRI for multimodal cell-specific recording and manipulation of neural activity in rodents

et al. 2022

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“…Our awake MRI habituation protocol were designed to include as many of the current best practices in order to present a protocol optimized for animal welfare and reduction of animal stress. For example, we implemented a progressive awake MRI habituation protocol (Figure 1B) in similar fashion to previous reports using rats and mice (Stenroos et al, 2018;Han et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020;Cover et al, 2021) to better account for the potential short and long-term pain and stress that nonprogressive protocols might exert on the animals (Stenroos et al, 2018). In addition, we provided earplugs to the animals to help minimize the stress and potential ear damage induced by the loud acoustic MRI noises.…”

Section: Awake Mouse Magnetic Resonance Imaging Habituation Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice Respond Differently to Awake Magnetic Resonance Imaging Habituation

et al. 2022

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Traditionally, preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been performed in anesthetized animals. However, anesthesia has been shown to perturb normal brain function and physiology. Such effects limit our ability to detect subtle physiological alterations in disease models and treatment studies, thus hampering discovery and compromising generality of findings. Therefore, methods for awake animal MRI are needed to study the rodent brain in its natural physiological state, free of anesthetics. Current setups for awake animal MRI rely on restraining systems to avoid animal movement during scanning. To reduce restraint stress, animals are habituated to the scanner environment prior to MRI data collection. To date, however, most awake MRI studies employ male rodents only. This is a fundamental limitation as results obtained may be pertinent only to half of the population. We characterized training and habituation responses of male and female mice to provide improved, sex-dependent training procedures for awake mouse MRI. We recorded heart rate, monitored behavioral responses (body weight and fecal boli weight) and fecal corticosterone levels (FCM) as indicators of wellbeing and stress during a 14-day progressive habituation protocol. In addition, we also assessed discomfort levels and anxiety using the mouse grimace scale (MGS) and light/dark test (LDT), respectively. All scores were compared between both groups. We found that heart rate was significantly decreased after 10 and 11 days of training for both males and females, respectively. However, the specific time course for this decrease was significantly different between males and females, and females exhibited higher anxiety levels during habituation and 14 days after habituation than males. Lastly, we also found that mean FCM levels for both groups were decreased after 11 days of MRI habituation. The present work shows that mice can be successfully trained for extended MRI sessions which is necessary for many (particularly non-fMRI) studies. Importantly, we find that males and females differ in their response to awake MRI habituation, which should be considered in future awake MRI studies that aim to include male and female mice.

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“…85 The longitudinal preparation in the Lake et al 83 study is compatible with the implementation of an acclimation protocol, which has been shown to reduce motion and stress in murine fMRI experiments. 37,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94] Toward these objectives, there has been some recent pioneering work in both unimodal (murine fMRI) 37,85 and multimodal (fiber photometry and fMRI) 95 experimentation.…”

Section: Future Work For Multimodal Imaging Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building bridges: simultaneous multimodal neuroimaging approaches for exploring the organization of brain networks

Lake

Higley

2022

Neurophoton.

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Brain organization is evident across spatiotemporal scales as well as from structural and functional data. Yet, translating from micro-to macroscale (vice versa) as well as between different measures is difficult. Reconciling disparate observations from different modes is challenging because each specializes within a restricted spatiotemporal milieu, usually has bounded organ coverage, and has access to different contrasts. True intersubject biological heterogeneity, variation in experiment implementation (e.g., use of anesthesia), and true moment-to-moment variations in brain activity (maybe attributable to different brain states) also contribute to variability between studies. Ultimately, for a deeper and more actionable understanding of brain organization, an ability to translate across scales, measures, and species is needed. Simultaneous multimodal methods can contribute to bettering this understanding. We consider four modes, three optically based: multiphoton imaging, single-photon (wide-field) imaging, and fiber photometry, as well as magnetic resonance imaging. We discuss each mode as well as their pairwise combinations with regard to the definition and study of brain networks.

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Whole brain dynamics during optogenetic self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in mice

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Hybrid fiber optic-fMRI for multimodal cell-specific recording and manipulation of neural activity in rodents

Hybrid fiber optic-fMRI for multimodal cell-specific recording and manipulation of neural activity in rodents

Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice Respond Differently to Awake Magnetic Resonance Imaging Habituation

Building bridges: simultaneous multimodal neuroimaging approaches for exploring the organization of brain networks

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