Abstract:This is the second part of a two-part series on the clinical applications of high-field-strength (3.0-T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy. In this part, the current level of evidence regarding the use of higher magnetic field strengths for cardiac imaging techniques (including the assessment of cardiac anatomy and function), breast and pelvic imaging, musculoskeletal applications, pediatric imaging, and MR spectroscopy is presented. Published data are interpreted from the perspective of the cli… Show more
“…However, the applications in other regions of the body, the added value of 3.0 T compared with 1.5 T scanners is still controversial, due to issues such as specific absorption rate and motion and susceptibility artifacts. The modification of acquisition parameters and development of new coils may lead to wider applications in body imaging with 3.0 T MRI [80,81] .…”
Section: Clinical and High-field-strength Mri Scannersmentioning
Solid malignancies have to develop their own blood supply for their aggressive growth and metastasis; a process known as tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is largely involved in tumor survival, progression and spread, which are known to be significantly attributed to treatment failures. Over the past decades, efforts have been made to understand the difference between normal and tumor vessels. It has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is structurally immature with chaotic and leaky phenotypes, which provides opportunities for developing novel anticancer strategies. Targeting tumor vasculature is not only a unique therapeutic intervention to starve neoplastic cells, but also enhances the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments. Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) have been developed to disrupt the already existing neovasculature in actively growing tumors, cause catastrophic vascular shutdown within short time, and induce secondary tumor necrosis. VDAs are cytostatic; they can only inhibit tumor growth, but not eradicate the tumor. This novel drug mechanism has urged us to develop multiparametric imaging biomarkers to monitor early hemodynamic alterations, cellular dysfunctions and metabolic impairments before tumor dimensional changes can be detected. In this article, we review the characteristics of tumor vessels, tubulindestabilizing mechanisms of VDAs, and in vivo effects of the VDAs that have been mostly studied in preclinical studies and clinical trials. We also compare the different tumor models adopted in the preclinical studies on VDAs. Multiparametric imaging biomarkers, mainly diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging from magnetic resonance imaging, are evaluated for their potential as morphological and functional imaging biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic effects of VDAs.
“…However, the applications in other regions of the body, the added value of 3.0 T compared with 1.5 T scanners is still controversial, due to issues such as specific absorption rate and motion and susceptibility artifacts. The modification of acquisition parameters and development of new coils may lead to wider applications in body imaging with 3.0 T MRI [80,81] .…”
Section: Clinical and High-field-strength Mri Scannersmentioning
Solid malignancies have to develop their own blood supply for their aggressive growth and metastasis; a process known as tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is largely involved in tumor survival, progression and spread, which are known to be significantly attributed to treatment failures. Over the past decades, efforts have been made to understand the difference between normal and tumor vessels. It has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is structurally immature with chaotic and leaky phenotypes, which provides opportunities for developing novel anticancer strategies. Targeting tumor vasculature is not only a unique therapeutic intervention to starve neoplastic cells, but also enhances the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments. Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) have been developed to disrupt the already existing neovasculature in actively growing tumors, cause catastrophic vascular shutdown within short time, and induce secondary tumor necrosis. VDAs are cytostatic; they can only inhibit tumor growth, but not eradicate the tumor. This novel drug mechanism has urged us to develop multiparametric imaging biomarkers to monitor early hemodynamic alterations, cellular dysfunctions and metabolic impairments before tumor dimensional changes can be detected. In this article, we review the characteristics of tumor vessels, tubulindestabilizing mechanisms of VDAs, and in vivo effects of the VDAs that have been mostly studied in preclinical studies and clinical trials. We also compare the different tumor models adopted in the preclinical studies on VDAs. Multiparametric imaging biomarkers, mainly diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging from magnetic resonance imaging, are evaluated for their potential as morphological and functional imaging biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic effects of VDAs.
“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The clinical use of 3T MR systems continues to grow, with certain advantages reported at 3T compared with lower field strength scanners. 18 Biomedical implants pose possible risks and other concerns for patients referred for 3T MR imaging examinations, which include movement or displacement of the device, excessive heating of the object, and substantial artifacts, which may impact the diagnostic use of MR imaging. 7,8 Thus, it is necessary to perform in vitro testing at 3T to characterize these MR imaging problems for implants.…”
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Aneurysm clips need to be tested at 3T to characterize MR imaging concerns, including magnetic field interactions, MR imagingϪrelated heating, and artifacts. Therefore, we evaluated these risks for aneurysm clips.
“…In further studies of ocular MR imaging by using equipment with higher gradient strengths and better performing surface receiver coils, the risk of electrical burns, tissue heating, and peripheral nerve stimulation must be considered. 25,26 Finally, ocular MR imaging is more complex and more expensive than sonography, but fast high-resolution ocular MR imaging with fixing of the subject's visual focus can provide additional information (ie, accurate morphologic and volumetric evaluation of intraocular lesions) that may affect treatment decisions in clinical ophthalmology.…”
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Volumetry may be useful for evaluating treatment response and prognosis of intraocular lesions. Phantom, volunteer, and patient studies were performed to determine whether ocular MR volumetry is reproducible.
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