Whole-body energy metabolism and skeletal muscle biochemical characteristics

Zurlo, F.; Nemeth, P. M.; Choksi, Rati; Sesodia, Sanjay; Ravussin, Éric

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(94)90081-7

Cited by 103 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, over the course of both experimental periods, there was a signi®cant difference in energy expenditure (F [1,30] 4.04, P 0.05) and oxygen consumption (F [1,30] 7.33, P`0.05) between HF and LF ( Figure 1, a and b, respectively). ANOVA revealed that the HF heart rate was signi®-cantly higher than LF over the 210 min experimental periods: main effect of group (F [1,14] 4.53, P 0.05), see Figure 2a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…29 This would follow since a high RQ has been noted as a risk factor for weight gain. 30,31 Although our preferred interpretation of these data is that habitual consumption of a high-fat diet leads to physiological adaptations in the form of increased RMR the reverse causality is, of course, possible. This would imply that individuals with a naturally high RMR select a high energy diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in energy expenditure and substrate oxidation between habitual high fat and low fat consumers (phenotypes)

Cooling

Blundell

1998

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate physiological differences between habitual high-fat (HF) and low-fat (LF) consumers, which could in¯uence the balance between energy expenditure and energy intake, and the potential for weight gain. SUBJECTS: 16 young, lean males (eight HF and eight LF consumers; % energy from fat 44.3 and 32.0, respectively). MEASUREMENTS: Habitual dietary variables (from FFQ), body mass index (BMI), body fat % (measured by impedance), resting metabolic rate (RMR) (indirect calorimetry), substrate oxidation and basal heart rate, postprandial thermogenesis and heart rate in response to a high-fat (low carbohydrate (CHO)) and high-CHO (low fat) challenge. RESULTS: HF and LF (selected for their intake of fat) did not differ signi®cantly in BMI or % body fat. HF had a signi®cantly higher RMR (1624 vs 1455 kcalad) and basal heart rate (66 vs 57 bpm) than LF. Differences in oxygen utilisation and heart rate were maintained over a 180 min period, following the high-fat and high-CHO challenge meals. HF had a signi®cantly lower resting respiratory quotient (RQ) than LF and the differences in average RQ were signi®cant over the 180 min examination period. HF had a signi®cantly lower RQ response to the high fat (low CHO) than to the high CHO (low fat) challenge; this effect was not observed in LF. HF had higher total energy intake than LF and a higher absolute (but not %) intake of protein. CONCLUSION: Signi®cant differences in basal energy expenditure and fat oxidation between habitual HF and LF consumers have been observed. The contributions of energy intake and protein intake (g not %) remain to be determined. In this particular group of subjects (young adult males) a high energy intake characterised by a large fat component is associated with metabolic adaptations which could offset the weight inducing properties of a high-fat diet. These physiological differences may be important when considering the relationship between dietary-fat and obesity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in energy expenditure and substrate oxidation between habitual high fat and low fat consumers (phenotypes)

Cooling

Blundell

1998

Int J Obes

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“…The type IIB fibres are thought to play an important role in the total energy expenditure and respiratory quotient at rest because the type IIB fibres make up 71% of the total muscle mass in the rat. 29 Furthermore, the HAD activity closely correlated with the 24 h respiratory quotient, 34 which in Pima Indians is a risk factor for body weight gain. 35 Based on these observations, the higher HAD activity is thus suggested to cause, at least in part, the obesity resistance in FFDR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dietary obesity-resistance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities of the fast-twitch fibre dominant rat

Suwa

Kumagai

Higaki³

et al. 2002

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVES:To clarify whether the muscle fibre composition and=or muscle oxidative enzyme activity are related to dietary body weight gain and abdominal fat accumulation. METHODS: Genetically fast-twitch fibre dominant rats (FFDR) and control rats (CR) were divided into low-fat (20% of energy from fat) or high-fat (60% of energy from fat) diet groups: CR with a low-fat diet (CL); CR with a high-fat diet (CH); FFDR with a low-fat diet (FL); and FFDR with a high-fat diet (FH). After 6 weeks of following such diets, the body weight gain, abdominal fat content, food intake, muscle fibre composition and oxidative enzyme activities were estimated. RESULTS: The total body weight gain in CH was from 18 to 62% higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05) and percentage abdominal fat in CH was also from 26 to 61% higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05), while the energy intake did not differ among the groups. The percentage of type IIX fibres of M. gastrocnemius in FL (33.4%) and FH (36.3%) were higher than in CL (16.8%) and CH (19.8%; P < 0.05), and the type IIA fibres of M. soleus in FL (14.1%) and FH (11.8%) were higher than in CL (2.0%) and CH (3.5%; P < 0.05). The citrate synthase (CS) activity of of M. plantaris in FL and FH were higher than CL (46 and 54%, respectively, P < 0.05). b-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity in FL and FH were higher than in CL (21 and 31%, respectively, P < 0.05) and that in FH was higher than CH (23%, P < 0.05). On the other hand, the enzyme activities of M. gastrocnemius and soleus were identical among the groups. CONCLUSION: The FFDR was more obesity-resistant than the CR after a high-fat diet. These results suggest that the muscle oxidative capacity rather than muscle fibre composition is a possible determinant of obesity.

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“…Crosssectional studies demonstrated that the 24 h RQ correlated negatively with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase, 35 b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, adenylokinase and creatine kinase activities. 36 Whether the preferential pattern of fuel utilisation by an individual is determined by skeletal muscle enzyme activity or by substrate availability is, as yet, unknown ± although the size of body fat stores and insulin sensitivity/ resistance are known to modulate circulating free fatty acid concentrations and are independent factors predicting percentage fat oxidation. 4,6 Also, physical exercise promotes lipid oxidation and physical training could have an effect on the lipolytic enzyme activities in skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss rebound

1997

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the possible metabolic factors predisposing to weight gain subsequent to the cessation of a rapid-weight-loss diet. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, intervention study of a 2 MJ diet daily for 28 d in a metabolic ward followed by a 12-month outpatient follow-up under a conventional, hypocaloric diet. SUBJECTS: Thirty-®ve females and one male, all with morbid obesity de®ned by a body mass index ! 35 kg/m 2 . MEASUREMENTS: V ? O 2 and V ? CO 2 measured by 30 min indirect calorimetry to calculate resting energy expenditure and resting respiratory quotient at the beginning and end of very-low-calorie diet; body composition assessed by hydrostatic weighing on day 1; weight recorded on days 1 and 28 and at follow-up of 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: From among all the variables considered, the resting respiratory quotient measured on day 28, even adjusted for weight loss during hospitalisation, was the only one that correlated signi®cantly with the weight changes recorded during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Subjects who showed a respiratory quotient on day 28 in the lower range (`0.72) were more able to maintain the weight-loss achieved with the very-low-calorie diet while those in the higher range (b 0.75) were less able to do so over the follow-up period. Thus, an appropriately measured respiratory quotient could prove useful in clinical practice as a prognostic marker of the long-term effectiveness of low-and very-low-calorie diets used to induce rapid weight loss.

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Whole-body energy metabolism and skeletal muscle biochemical characteristics

Cited by 103 publications

References 20 publications

Differences in energy expenditure and substrate oxidation between habitual high fat and low fat consumers (phenotypes)

Differences in energy expenditure and substrate oxidation between habitual high fat and low fat consumers (phenotypes)

Dietary obesity-resistance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities of the fast-twitch fibre dominant rat

The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss rebound

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