Whole-Body Cortisol Concentrations and Ontogeny of Aggressive Behavior in Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiataTemminck &amp; Schlegel; Carangidae)

Sakakura, Yoshitaka; Tagawa, Masatomo; Tsukamoto, Katsumi

doi:10.1006/gcen.1997.7032

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Most studies investigating the effect of conspecific density include the cannibalism phase (e.g. Hecht et al 1996, Sakakura et al 1998, Baras et al 2003, Fessehaye et al 2006, Szkudlarek & Zakęś 2007, Kotani et al 2009); and therefore are not directly comparable with the present study.The larval and juvenile mortality rates observed in the present study (approximately 5 to 12% d -1 ) were in the lower range of that reported to occur in the wild for marine pelagic fish (Houde 2002). At the end of the trial there was considerable variation in median weight and mortality within and between treatments, and the mortality rate was so variable that the relative density differences between treatments diminished completely.…”

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confidence: 56%

Mortality structures population size characteristics of juvenile yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi reared at different densities

Moran¹,

Smith²,

Lee³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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A study was undertaken to measure the effects of conspecific density on the growth, mortality and deformity rate of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi Valenciennes during the first feeding period. Newly hatched larvae were stocked in replicate tanks at initial densities of 40, 60 and 100 ind. l -1 until 30 d post-hatch (DPH). Live prey was administered at frequent intervals in an effort to maintain absolute prey density for all treatments. There was a negative relationship between conspecific density and mean individual length during the first half of the trial, which was attributed to food depletion between supplementary feedings at higher conspecific densities. The effect size (partial eta-squared) of conspecific density decreased considerably during the trial, to the point where the initial stocking density had no discernible effect on cohort growth or mortality rate. The apparent morphological deformity rate ranged from 17 to 32%, but did not differ between treatments. Jaw malformations were the most commonly observed deformity (12 to 30%). The weights of juveniles at the end of the trial were log-normally distributed, with some disproportionately large individuals skewing the weight distributions. There was substantial variation in mortality between and within treatments (74 to 97%), and the conspecific densities of each replicate at 30 DPH did not reflect the relative ordering of the initial treatments. Median individual weight was highly correlated with mortality and weight variance, and the positive skewness of populations decreased as mortality increased. Both trends indicated a strong population size-structuring mechanism. Given the controlled experimental conditions the size-structuring mechanism was not predation or cannibalism. Differential feeding success and an unidentified size-specific mortality agent are hypothesized to be the mechanisms by which mortality was able to strongly influence population size distributions. KEY WORDS: Cohort size distribution · Deformity rate · Growth variation · Juvenile mortalityResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Aquat Biol 11: 229-238, 2011 tail kingfish (Ebisu & Tachihara 1993, Chen et al. 2006, Moran 2007. Conspecific density is an important factor in moderating growth and survival, because it affects the intensity of competition for food and shelter and also the degree of aggression and cannibalism (Smith & Reay 1991, Hecht et al. 1996, Kotani et al. 2009). This is true both in the wild (Folkvord et al. 1994, Sakakura & Tsukamoto 1996, Smith & Fuiman 2003 and under the high-density conditions associated with aquaculture (Hecht & Pienaar 1993). The current study evaluated the effects of conspecific density on the mortality, growth and size distribution of yellowtail kingfish during the first feeding period.As is common for many marine fish species, considerable size heterogeneity develops during the first feeding phase in juvenile yellowtail kingfish, even in cohorts where the genetic parentage, age and la...

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contrasting

confidence: 56%

Mortality structures population size characteristics of juvenile yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi reared at different densities

Moran¹,

Smith²,

Lee³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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“…These results show that social stress may induce lipid peroxidation. Social stress is well recognized as a potential stressor for some fish species (Hoglund et al, 2001;Volpato & Fernandes, 1994;Damsgard & Arne Mikol, 1998;Sakakura et al, 1998;Overli, et al, 1999), but the magnitude of stress is related to social status (Fernandes & Volpato, 1993;Sakakura et al, 1998;Sakakura & Tsukamoto, 1999). The stress response is a catabolic reaction (Vijayan et al, 1997), and if subordinates show a response of higher magnitude, they may have an increase in metabolism inducing higher lipid peroxidation than in dominant fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social stressors also affect fish metabolism, causing a physiological stress state (Fernandes & Volpato, 1993;Alvarenga & Volpato, 1995;Giaquinto & Volpato, 1997;Damsgard & Arne Mikol, 1998;Overli et al, 1998;Sakakura et al, 1998;Overli et al, 1999;Sakakura & Tsukamoto, 1999;Hoglund et al, 2000). The physiological "fight or flight" responses to a stressor include catabolic reactions (Vijayan et al, 1997), and the magnitude of stress responses to social stress is inversely related to social status (Fernandes & Volpato, 1993;Sakakura et al, 1998;Sakakura & Tsukamoto, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiological "fight or flight" responses to a stressor include catabolic reactions (Vijayan et al, 1997), and the magnitude of stress responses to social stress is inversely related to social status (Fernandes & Volpato, 1993;Sakakura et al, 1998;Sakakura & Tsukamoto, 1999). Since metabolic differences may affect antioxidant defenses, we hypothesize that antioxidant enzyme activities are modulated by social status in the cichlid Nile tilapia in response to cadmium contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative stress biomarkers and aggressive behavior in fish exposed to aquatic cadmium contamination

et al. 2009

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The objective of this study was to investigate the possible link between cadmium exposure, hepatic markers of oxidative stress and aggressive behavior in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were first exposed to 0.75 mg/L CdCl 2 for 15 days (12 isolated fish for each group) and afterward a behavioral test was performed. Fish from the control and cadmium-exposed groups were paired for 1 h (6 pairs of fish per group) for determination of aggressiveness parameters. Immediately after the behavioral test, the animals were sacrificed and the liver was used to determine biochemical parameters. Cadmium decreased aggression in Nile tilapia. Subordinate animals exposed to cadmium showed decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity compared to dominant ones. No alterations were observed in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase Se-GSH-P and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activities, but total superoxide dismutase activity was increased in subordinate animals exposed to cadmium compared to subordinate control. Catalase activity was increased in cadmium-exposed fish. Lipoperoxide concentrations also increased in cadmium exposed fish indicating that cadmium toxicity may affect oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia. Social stress induced lipoperoxidation in Nile tilapia, and subordinate animals exposed to cadmium responded with lower activities of liver antioxidant enzymes compared to dominant fish. The present study shows that cadmium exposure is capable of inducing changes in the social status and oxidative stress parameters in this species.O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a possível relação entre a exposição ao cádmio, os marcadores hepáticos de estresse oxidativo e o comportamento agressivo em tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Os peixes foram primeiramente expostos à concentração de 0,75 mg/L de CdCl 2 durante 15 dias (12 peixes isolados em cada grupo), após o qual o teste de comportamento foi aplicado. Peixes do grupo controle e do grupo exposto ao cádmio foram pareados durante 1 hora (6 pares de peixes por grupo) para determinação de parâmetros de agressividade. Imediatamente após o teste comportamental, os animais foram sacrificados e o fígado foi coletado para as determinações bioquímicas. O cádmio diminuiu a agressão em tilápias do Nilo. Animais subordinados e expostos ao cádmio mostraram uma redução na atividade da enzima glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px), quando comparados aos dominantes. Nenhuma alteração foi observada na atividade da glutationa peroxidase dependente de selênio (Se-GSH-P) e na superóxido dismutase Cu Zn, mas a atividade total da superóxido dismutase aumentou em animais subordinados e expostos ao cádmio, quando comparado ao controle subordinado. A atividade da catalase aumentou em peixes expostos ao cádmio. As concentrações de lipoperóxido aumentaram em peixes expostos ao cádmio, indicando que a toxicidade deste pode afetar os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo em tilápias do Nilo. O estresse social induziu lipoperoxidação em tilápia do Nilo e animais subordinados e expo...

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“…It has also been shown that one-year-old masu salmon that lost an aggressive interaction initiated downstream migratory behavior in an artificial raceway (Munakata et al, 2000). In addition, cortisol levels in individuals that recently lost a fighting contest were elevated in rainbow trout (O. mykiss; Øverli et al, 2004) and other species (Sakakura et al, 1998;Schuett and Grober, 2000), and testosterone levels in winners of aggressive interactions were generally lower than in losers (Hsu et al, 2006). Thyroid hormones have also been known to decrease the aggressive behavior of four salmonids during smoltification (Hutchison and Iwata, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aggressive interaction on downstream movement and olfactory function in masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Lee¹,

Ueda

2012

Aquaculture

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In the present study, behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular biological experiments were developed to examine the role of aggressive interaction ("fighting experience") on downstream movement and olfactory function in relation to smoltification in hatchery-reared one-year-old masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou). Individual salmon that lost the fighting contest in April and May moved downstream earlier than the winners. The olfactory response to salinity sensitivity of the losers, measured by electro-olfactogram to 10 -1 M sodium chloride, was significantly higher than that of the winners during the period from April to June. In May, the olfactory response to imprinting activity of the losers, previously exposed for one week to 10 -4 M L-glutamic acid was significantly high, and the salmon olfactory imprinting-related gene was also highly expressed. During the smoltification period, losing the aggressive interaction might exert strong influences on downstream movement and olfactory function in masu salmon. The present newly developed experiments provide new evidence for evaluating the relation between the aggressive interaction and the smoltification in masu salmon.3

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Whole-Body Cortisol Concentrations and Ontogeny of Aggressive Behavior in Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiataTemminck & Schlegel; Carangidae)

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Mortality structures population size characteristics of juvenile yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi reared at different densities

Mortality structures population size characteristics of juvenile yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi reared at different densities

Oxidative stress biomarkers and aggressive behavior in fish exposed to aquatic cadmium contamination

Effects of aggressive interaction on downstream movement and olfactory function in masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

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