Whole Blood Viscosity, Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Blood Donors

Fossum, Eigil; Høieggen, Aud; Moan, Andreas; Nordby, Gudmund; Velund, Turid Lohne; Kjeldsen, Sverre E.

doi:10.3109/08037059709061932

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…WBV was measured at shear rates of 0.5, 1.1, 5.8, and 201 s Ϫ1 in EDTA anticoagulated blood with a rheometer (CS 10, Bohlin Instruments Ltd) using a double-gap technique, which we have previously described and validated in detail. 3,20 …”

Section: Bp and Biochemical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Sensitivity Is Related to Physical Fitness and Exercise Blood Pressure to Structural Vascular Properties in Young Men

et al. 1999

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Abstract-Insulin resistance is related to physical inactivity, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death.Moreover, blood pressure responses during the first 6 minutes of an exercise test (600 kilo/pound/meter [kpm] per min) are more predictive for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than blood pressure at rest, which could reflect that exercise blood pressure correlates more closely to peripheral structural vascular changes than casual blood pressure. We have recently shown a correlation between insulin resistance and minimal forearm vascular resistance (MFVR) in young men recruited from the highest blood pressure percentiles during a military draft session. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that insulin sensitivity relates to physical fitness and that blood pressure responses during an exercise test relate to peripheral structural vascular changes in these men; we also tested whether these findings were interrelated. We assessed insulin sensitivity and physical fitness in 27 young men randomly selected from the cohort having a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher during the compulsory military draft session in Oslo. Insulin sensitivity correlated with physical fitness (rϭ0.58, Pϭ0.002). Systolic blood pressure after 6 minutes of exercise (600 kpm/min) correlated with MFVR (rϭ0.46, Pϭ0.015). MFVR and physical fitness independently explained 60% of the variation in insulin sensitivity, and MFVR independently explained 19% of the variation of systolic blood pressure after 6 minutes of exercise. In conclusion, insulin sensitivity is related to physical fitness and exercise blood pressure to structural vascular properties in these young men. (Hypertension. 1999;33:781-786.)Key Words: insulin resistance Ⅲ exercise Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ physical fitness Ⅲ vascular structure I nsulin resistance 1 has been proposed as the metabolic link between non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 2 In our earlier studies of young men, recruited from the highest blood pressure (BP) percentiles during the compulsory military draft session in Oslo, we showed a positive correlation between insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids 3 and body weight. 4 Physical fitness is a determinant of insulin sensitivity, 5-7 which we previously have not included in our studies of these apparently healthy 18-year-old men. In the present study, we therefore aimed to relate physical fitness to glucose disposal rate (GDR) in this well-described population of young men and to assess a possible mechanism for a relationship; ie, whether there is a direct relationship or whether it is influenced or determined by other correlates of GDR, such as lipids, body weight, minimal forearm vascular resistance (MFVR), 8 or whole blood viscosity (WBV). 3,4 We assessed physical fitness as the total work performed during an ergometer bicycle exercise test divided by body weight because this technique for assessing physical fitness rather strongly predic...

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Section: Bp and Biochemical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Sensitivity Is Related to Physical Fitness and Exercise Blood Pressure to Structural Vascular Properties in Young Men

et al. 1999

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“…These dynamical and rheological features of blood flow determine the characteristics of the micro-vascular circulation that includes the flow in arterioles, venules, and capillaries. It has been reported that micro-vascular blood flow is crucial to maintaining metabolic balance in tissues, and the characteristics of blood flow can be used as indicators for the risk of circulatory diseases such as diabetics, hypertension and stroke [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Image Velocimetry of the Blood Flow in a Micro-channel Using the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2010

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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We used video-rate Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) to observe the motion of blood cells in a micro-channel. Video-rate CLSM allowed us to acquire images at the rate of 30 frames per second. The acquired images were used to perform Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), thus providing the velocity profile of the blood in a micro-channel. While previous confocal microscopy-assisted PIV required exogenous micro/nano particles as the tracing particles, we employed blood cells as tracing particles for the CLSM in the reflection mode, which uses light back-scattered from the sample. The blood flow at various depths of the micro-channel was observed by adjusting the image plane of the microscope. The velocity profile at different depths of the channel was measured. The confocal micro-PIV technique used in the study was able to measure blood velocity up to a few hundreds μm/sec, equivalent to the blood velocity in the capillaries of a live animal. It is expected that the technique presented can be applied for in vivo blood flow measurement in the capillaries of live animals.

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“…Thus, increased viscosity may be one mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors promote atherosclerosis and plaque formation (Lee et al 1998). Whole-blood or plasma viscosity is inversely related to insulin sensitivity (Høieggen et al 1998) and strongly related to metabolic risk factors (Fossum et al 1997).Given this background, the question of whether increased water intake reduces blood viscosity is of interest, but only limited data exist. We examined the effect of increasing short-term water intake on whole-blood viscosity and its correlates in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors in a randomised, paralleldesign, controlled clinical trial that included a control group and a group that ingested 1 litre blueberry juice/d providing a comparison with an energy-containing fluid.…”

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“…Subsequently, whole-blood viscosity and packed cell volume were shown to be independent predictors of coronary events (Danesh et al 2000). The major CVD risk factors are independently associated with whole-blood or plasma viscosity (Bonithon-Kopp et al 1993;Fossum et al 1997). Thus, increased viscosity may be one mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors promote atherosclerosis and plaque formation (Lee et al 1998).…”

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No effect of increased water intake on blood viscosity and cardiovascular risk factors

Tonstad¹,

Klemsdal²,

Landaas³

et al. 2006

Br J Nutr

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Observational data have suggested that increased water intake decreases the risk of CHD. A postulated mechanism is that increased water ingestion reduces blood viscosity. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of increased fluid intake on blood viscosity. Men (n 67) and postmenopausal women (n 27) with one or more risk factors for CVD who reported intake of #0·5 litres water daily were randomised to a control group (n 31), an intervention group (n 32) that increased their daily water intake by 1 litre/d and an intervention group (n 31) that ingested 1 litre blueberry juice/d. All were encouraged to continue their usual diet and lifestyle. Whole-blood viscosity and blood and urine chemistries were measured by standard techniques after 2 and 4 weeks. Urine volume increased (by a median of 872 and 725 ml in the water and blueberry juice groups, respectively, v. 10 ml in the control group; P# 0·002), confirming the subjects' adherence to the protocol. Urine osmolality and urinary levels of Na, K and creatinine decreased in the water and blueberry juice groups v. the controls (P, 0·05). No change was seen in whole-blood viscosity or in levels of fibrinogen, total protein, lipids, glucose, insulin, C-peptide or other chemistry and haematology variables. In conclusion, a postulated protective effect of increased water or fluid intake is not explained by a change in blood viscosity and increased fluid intake does not influence CVD risk factors in the short term.Blood viscosity: Water: Fluids: Coronary heart disease risk factors Few studies have investigated the effect of water intake on the incidence of CVD. In the Adventist Health Study there was a dose-relationship between water intake and protection against fatal CHD (Chan et al. 2002). One of the suggested mechanisms of this effect is that water ingestion may reduce blood viscosity; however, a recent systematic review found no direct evidence that a decrease in viscosity due to high fluid intake can prevent CVD (Okamura et al. 2005).The primary determinants of whole-blood viscosity are plasma viscosity, packed cell volume and macromolecules, including fibrinogen. Initial reports indicated that plasma viscosity (Yarnell et al. 1991) and packed cell volume (Gagnon et al. 1994) were independent predictors of CVD. Subsequently, whole-blood viscosity and packed cell volume were shown to be independent predictors of coronary events (Danesh et al. 2000). The major CVD risk factors are independently associated with whole-blood or plasma viscosity (Bonithon-Kopp et al. 1993;Fossum et al. 1997). Thus, increased viscosity may be one mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors promote atherosclerosis and plaque formation (Lee et al. 1998). Whole-blood or plasma viscosity is inversely related to insulin sensitivity (Høieggen et al. 1998) and strongly related to metabolic risk factors (Fossum et al. 1997).Given this background, the question of whether increased water intake reduces blood viscosity is of interest, but only limited data exist. We examined the effe...

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Whole Blood Viscosity, Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Blood Donors

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

Insulin Sensitivity Is Related to Physical Fitness and Exercise Blood Pressure to Structural Vascular Properties in Young Men

Insulin Sensitivity Is Related to Physical Fitness and Exercise Blood Pressure to Structural Vascular Properties in Young Men

Particle Image Velocimetry of the Blood Flow in a Micro-channel Using the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

No effect of increased water intake on blood viscosity and cardiovascular risk factors

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