Whole Beetroot Consumption Acutely Improves Running Performance

Murphy, Margaret; Eliot, Kathrin; Heuertz, Rita M.; Weiss, Edward P.

doi:10.1016/j.jand.2011.12.002

Cited by 115 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Murphy et al [50] reported that ‘recreationally fit’ adults completed a 5-km treadmill time trial faster ( p = 0.06) following the consumption of 200 g baked beetroot (≥500 mg or ≥8 mmol nitrate) 75 min before exercise compared with consumption of cranberry relish as an eucaloric placebo. At 1.8 km into the 5-km run, the rating of perceived exertion was significantly lower and running speed over the last 1.8 km of the 5-km distance was 5 % faster in the beetroot trial.…”

Section: Effects On Exercise Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance

2014

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Dietary nitrate is growing in popularity as a sports nutrition supplement. This article reviews the evidence base for the potential of inorganic nitrate to enhance sports and exercise performance. Inorganic nitrate is present in numerous foodstuffs and is abundant in green leafy vegetables and beetroot. Following ingestion, nitrate is converted in the body to nitrite and stored and circulated in the blood. In conditions of low oxygen availability, nitrite can be converted into nitric oxide, which is known to play a number of important roles in vascular and metabolic control. Dietary nitrate supplementation increases plasma nitrite concentration and reduces resting blood pressure. Intriguingly, nitrate supplementation also reduces the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise and can, in some circumstances, enhance exercise tolerance and performance. The mechanisms that may be responsible for these effects are reviewed and practical guidelines for safe and efficacious dietary nitrate supplementation are provided.

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Section: Effects On Exercise Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance

2014

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“…The precise mechanism by which nitrogen derivatives enhance exercise efficiency is not yet fully understood, making it difficult to determine the most practical and applicable use for NO 3 − supplementation. Although several studies have documented improvements in the performance of exercise lasting 7-20 min (Cermak et al 2012a;Murphy et al 2012;Lansley et al 2011b), there is little research focusing on shorter, more intense activities. High-intensity efforts, such as those seen in competitive track cycling, have different physiological characteristics to the activities in the aforementioned research, with a much greater rate of energy demand (Jeukendrup et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate supplementation and high-intensity performance in competitive cyclists

Hoon

Hopkins

Jones

et al. 2014

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Consumption of inorganic nitrate (NO3(-)) is known to enhance endurance exercise performance in recreationally trained subjects. Here we report the effect on a high-intensity performance task in national-level cyclists. The performance test consisted of 2 cycle ergometer time trials of 4 min duration with 75 min between trials. In a randomized crossover design, 26 cyclists performed the test under the following 4 conditions (each separated by a 6-day washout): consumption of 70 mL of nitrate-rich beetroot juice at 150 min or 75 min before the first time trial, addition of a 35 mL "top-up dose" following the first time trial in the 150 min condition, and consumption of a placebo. A linear mixed model with adjustments for learning effects and athlete fitness (peak incremental power) was used to estimate effects on mean power, with probabilistic inferences based on a smallest important effect of 1.0%. Peak plasma nitrite (NO2(-)) concentration was greatest when nitrate was taken 75 min before the first time trial. Relative to placebo, the mean effect of all 3 nitrate treatments was unclear in the first time trial (1.3%, 90% confidence limits: ±1.7%), but possibly harmful in the second time trial (-0.3%, ±1.6%). Differences between nitrate treatments were unclear, as was the estimate of any consistent individual response to the treatments. Allowing for sampling uncertainty, the effect of nitrate on performance was less than previous studies. Under the conditions of our experiment, nitrate supplementation may be ineffective in facilitating high-intensity exercise in competitive athletes.

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“…Thus, it is plausible that a more intensive usage of such fertilizers may explain the higher NO 3 − and NO 2 − content from the USA when compared to beetroots from Brazil. Recently, several intervention studies have been conducted using different amounts of beetroot (in juice form) for investigating the contribution of NO 3 − in NO synthesis (Webb et al 2008;Bailey et al 2009;Stokes et al 2009;Kapil et al 2010;Vanhatalo et al 2011;Murphy et al 2012;Wylie et al 2013 . However, no information about how this content was evaluated was provided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the vegetable is also considered a dietary NO 3 − source (Pennington 1998;Santamaría 2006;Tamme et al 2006). The NO 3 − content in this food matrix has been proposed to enhance blood perfusion (Webb et al 2008;Kapil et al 2010), restore endothelial function (Stokes et al 2009), and improve exercise performance Murphy et al 2012). These properties may be explained by the possible effect of NO 3 − present in beetroot juice in stimulating the endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide (NO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyzing NO 3 − and NO 2 − contents of different beetroot juices could be an important methodological strategy in order to guide researchers, because the physiological effects of beetroot may be directly related to NO 3 − content and not necessarily to the volume of beetroot juice consumed. Furthermore, there is a tendency to assume that the information on NO 3 − content given by commercial juice manufacturers (Webb et al 2008;Kapil et al 2010;Murphy et al 2012;Wylie et al 2013) is exact. However, juice manufacturer information on NO 3 − content may not necessarily reflect the real NO 3 − content of natural beetroot juice as given to volunteers during studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative and Comparative Contents of Nitrate and Nitrite in Beta vulgaris L. by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence

et al. 2015

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The consumption of beetroot, a food rich in nitrate, has been recommended to enhance blood perfusion, restore endothelial function, and improve exercise performance. These properties may be explained by the possible effect of nitrate present in beetroot in stimulating the endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. However, there is limited evidence giving detailed information about how nitrate contents from beetroot used in studies have been analyzed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nitrate and nitrite contents of beetroot from different regions of Brazil and from the USA. Nitrate and nitrite contents were quantified by using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system with fluorescence detection. Beetroots from the USA showed the highest nitrate (31.2±0.010 mmol.L −1 ) and nitrite (0.45±0.005 mmol.L −1 ) contents when compared to beetroots from Brazil. Rio de Janeiro was the region that showed the highest nitrate content (17.1±0.020 mmol.L −1 ), while Rio Grande do Norte presented the highest nitrite content (0.13±0.010 mmol.L −1 ). The reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method may be applied for the quantification of nitrate and nitrite contents in beetroot samples. The results of the present study demonstrate that beetroots may vary in their nitrate and nitrite contents.This data represents a useful tool to encourage researchers to analyze the nitrate and nitrite contents in beetroots utilized in interventional clinical studies.

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Whole Beetroot Consumption Acutely Improves Running Performance

Cited by 115 publications

References 26 publications

Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance

Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance

Nitrate supplementation and high-intensity performance in competitive cyclists

Quantitative and Comparative Contents of Nitrate and Nitrite in Beta vulgaris L. by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence

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