Who would benefit most from postprandial lipid screening?

Sciarrillo, Christina; Koemel, Nicholas A.; Keirns, Bryant; Banks, Nile F.; Rogers, Emily M.; Rosenkranz, Sara K.; Kurti, Stephanie P.; Jenkins, Nathaniel D.M.; Emerson, Sam R.

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.022

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Triglycerides after a meal (i.e., nonfasting or postprandial triglycerides) have been linked to future CVD events in several epidemiological studies [12,26,27]. Further, recent evidence has demonstrated that a subset of individuals can appear largely metabolically healthy based on fasting markers (i.e., clinically normal fasting triglycerides, HDL-C, and glucose), yet still experience a deleterious postprandial triglyceride response (i.e., >220 mg/dL) [13,14,21]. This study is the first to our knowledge to measure postprandial triglycerides after a high-fat meal challenge in those with MHO, and we hypothesized that MHO individuals may be among those who display elevated postprandial triglycerides and little other evidence of disease risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is possible that those with MHO may appear healthy based on the traditional risk factors by which MHO is typically defined, but they could be categorized as at-risk when other parameters associated with CVD risk are evaluated. Nonfasting/postprandial triglycerides is one marker that is not commonly measured, but it is an independent predictor of CVD and can be elevated despite a largely normal metabolic profile, including normal fasting triglycerides [12][13][14]. Additionally, the vascular health of individuals with MHO is not well characterized, which is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postprandial Triglycerides, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and the Inflammatory Cytokine Milieu in Metabolically Healthy Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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The cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) remains controversial. We sought to further characterize the CVD risk profile in MHO by evaluating postprandial triglycerides, vascular function, and systemic inflammatory markers. Control individuals that were normal-weight and metabolically healthy (Con), MHO, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were recruited (n = 10–11/group). Each participant underwent an abbreviated fat tolerance test, fasting and postprandial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and had a panel of inflammatory cytokines measured. MHO displayed postprandial triglycerides similar to those in Con and both MHO and Con had lower values than those for MetS (p < 0.01). Fasting FMD was lower in MHO and MetS compared to that of Con (p < 0.01), but during the postprandial period the vasodilatory response of MHO was similar to that while fasting (p = 0.39), while FMD in Con and MetS decreased after the high-fat meal (p values < 0.01). MHO displayed a number of inflammatory cytokines greater than those of Con and MetS (all p values < 0.05), while MetS and MHO had higher TNF-α than did Con (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MHO was associated with lower fasting FMD and a greater inflammatory burden but did not suffer the same negative postprandial effects as did MetS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial Triglycerides, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and the Inflammatory Cytokine Milieu in Metabolically Healthy Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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“…Attesting to the deleterious effects of PPL, a panel of experts [18] and the European Atherosclerosis Society and European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine [19] have recommended the replacement of fasting by non-fasting plasma TAG concentration in the assessment of CVD risk, with a non-fasting concentration of ≥ 220 mg/dL ( ≥ 2.50 mmol/L) indicating increased CVD risk [18]. It has been suggested that individuals with fasting TAG < 70 mg/dL will likely not exceed postprandial TAG of 220 mg/dL and individuals with fasting TAG > 130 mg/dL will likely exceed postprandial TAG of 220 mg/ dL, whereas individuals with fasting TAG between 70 and 130 mg/dL should be recommended for postprandial TAG testing [20]. Thus, decreasing postprandial lipid concentrations could be a measure against CVD.…”

Section: Why Is Exercise Important In Lowering Ppl?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise to Lower Postprandial Lipemia: Why, When, What and How

Petridou

Mougios

2022

Int J Sports Med

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We review recent findings on the ability of exercise to lower postprandial lipemia (PPL). Specifically, we answer why exercise is important in lowering PPL, when it is most effective to exercise to achieve this, what the preferred exercise is and how exercise reduces PPL. Most findings confirm the power of exercise to lower PPL, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is most effective when performed on the day preceding a high- or moderate-fat meal. This effect lasts up to approximately two days; therefore, one should exercise frequently to maintain this benefit. However, the time of exercise relative to a meal is not that important in real-life conditions, since one consumes several meals during the day; thus, an exercise bout will inevitably exert its lowering effect on PPL in one or more of the subsequent meals. Although moderate-intensity continuous exercise, high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), resistance exercise and accumulation of short bouts of exercise throughout the day are all effective in lowering PPL, submaximal, high-volume interval exercise seems to be superior, provided it is tolerable. Finally, exercise reduces PPL by both lowering the rate of appearance and increasing the clearance of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins from the circulation.

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“…To date, metabolomic profiles have been reported mainly in the fasting state [1]. However, the physiological relevance of fasting analyses is a point of debate [6,7], since we consume multiple mixed-nutrient meals throughout the day, and therefore spend most of our time in the highly dynamic postprandial state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Fasting and Postprandial NMR Metabolites: Insights from the ZOE PREDICT 1 Study

et al. 2023

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Background: Postprandial metabolomic profiles and their inter-individual variability are not well characterised. Here, we describe postprandial metabolite changes, their correlations with fasting values and their inter- and intra-individual variability, following a standardised meal in the ZOE PREDICT 1 cohort. Methods: In the ZOE PREDICT 1 study (n = 1002 (NCT03479866)), 250 metabolites, mainly lipids, were measured by a Nightingale NMR panel in fasting and postprandial (4 and 6 h after a 3.7 MJ mixed nutrient meal, with a second 2.2 MJ mixed nutrient meal at 4 h) serum samples. For each metabolite, inter- and intra-individual variability over time was evaluated using linear mixed modelling and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Results: Postprandially, 85% (of 250 metabolites) significantly changed from fasting at 6 h (47% increased, 53% decreased; Kruskal–Wallis), with 37 measures increasing by >25% and 14 increasing by >50%. The largest changes were observed in very large lipoprotein particles and ketone bodies. Seventy-one percent of circulating metabolites were strongly correlated (Spearman’s rho >0.80) between fasting and postprandial timepoints, and 5% were weakly correlated (rho <0.50). The median ICC of the 250 metabolites was 0.91 (range 0.08–0.99). The lowest ICCs (ICC <0.40, 4% of measures) were found for glucose, pyruvate, ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, acetate) and lactate. Conclusions: In this large-scale postprandial metabolomic study, circulating metabolites were highly variable between individuals following sequential mixed meals. Findings suggest that a meal challenge may yield postprandial responses divergent from fasting measures, specifically for glycolysis, essential amino acid, ketone body and lipoprotein size metabolites.

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Who would benefit most from postprandial lipid screening?

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

Postprandial Triglycerides, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and the Inflammatory Cytokine Milieu in Metabolically Healthy Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Postprandial Triglycerides, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and the Inflammatory Cytokine Milieu in Metabolically Healthy Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Exercise to Lower Postprandial Lipemia: Why, When, What and How

Characterisation of Fasting and Postprandial NMR Metabolites: Insights from the ZOE PREDICT 1 Study

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