Who Will Benefit From Expanding HPV Vaccination Programs to Boys?

Qendri, Venetia; Bogaards, Johannes A.; Berkhof, Johannes

doi:10.1093/jncics/pky076

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The authors recognize that this is a simple iteration but it is still based on real models. They consider that the most important effect of this vaccination is the herd effect (34).…”

Section: Results Of the Individual Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HPV vaccine for men: Where to? (Review)

et al. 2021

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most widespread human pathogens. For a long time, it was treated as an opportunistic infection, but it is in actuality one of the most dangerous carcinogens. It is responsible for numerous malignancies: Cervical, penile, oropharyngeal, vaginal, vulvar and some anal neoplasia. The need for a long-term solution was evident and thus HPV vaccines were proven to be a viable solution. Women and men who have sex with men, and young men are included in the vaccination template. A thorough review using PubMed and other databases that included articles on vaccine templates and targeted male patients was carried out. After review of all of the studies conducted on this subject, there is a clear benefit for HPV vaccination for men. Yet, even with the introduction of a national vaccine program for HPV for women and girls in most developed countries, regarding the male vaccine program, few countries have established a national program. Still, a gender-neutral vaccine remains a controversial issue. It is important to monitor the impact of HPV vaccine in men and the benefits that occur, to inform and spread the results in order to implement this vaccine program worldwide. Any monitoring plan regarding the HPV vaccination must include HPV prevalence, anogenital warts, and anal cancer. The largest impact regarding the range of this type of vaccine is the surveillance of the specific targeted population. HPV vaccine is a very efficient immunization method. Women are obviously the first target, but there are still many contradictions regarding men. Most of the reasons reside in the cost-efficiency aspect, but there is still great debate regarding the most efficient vaccine in the male population. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Data collection process 3. Study characteristics 4. Results of the individual studies 5. Synthesis of the results 6. Acceptance of the HPV vaccine 7. Summary of the evidence 8. Contraindication for the HPV vaccine? 9. Conclusions

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“…The authors recognize that this is a simple iteration but it is still based on real models. They consider that the most important effect of this vaccination is the herd effect (34).…”

Section: Results Of the Individual Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This information can be of use in order to extend and support the male vaccination program. It is an important program because these changes may be entirely new, if the program targets both sexes or females and MSM (34).…”

Section: Results Of the Individual Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPV vaccine for men: Where to? (Review)

et al. 2021

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“…Nevertheless, other authors claim that a program for MSM will not be able to target MSM before their sexual debut, or in fact even shortly after sexual debut because most MSM only disclose their sexual preference to health care providers in their early 20's 29 . Qendri et al 30 have also studied the benefits of sex‐neutral vaccination using a Bayesian framework, and they have found that the extra protection gained by women (apart from the direct protection of MSM) could provide a reason to vaccinate also boys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty and sensitivity of the sexual behavior changes to the current human papillomavirus vaccination campaign in Spain

Acedo

Cortés

Díez‐Domingo

et al. 2020

Math Methods in App Sciences

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Taking into account the public health importance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) control in the future, it is mandatory to assess the effect of the vaccination campaigns on the control of HPV spread and the associated diseases using reliable mathematical models. We propose a computational random network model with the aim of studying the transmission dynamics of HPV infections. This model reflects the herd immunity effect in the heterosexual network more accurately than the classical models. We perform a sensitivity analysis of the sexual behavior changes consisting of increasing the number of men who have sex with men (MSM), increasing the frequency of the intercourses and increasing the number of sexual partners. We find that large changes in the sexual behavior, in some extent, only have minor effects on the decline of the HPV infections in women and men in the current vaccination campaign in Spain (vaccination of young girls with a coverage of 70%). Therefore, the current vaccination program in Spain is robust for the heterosexuals. However, we cannot say the same for MSM, where they do not benefit by the herd immunity effect of the vaccination of girls, and consequently, the circulation of the virus among them remains unchanged. A consequence of the present study is that the effect of other external factors that may affect the transmission dynamics of the HPV, for instance, the tourism or the immigration, does not influence the protection provided by the current Spanish vaccination program.

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“…Female-only HPV vaccination programs have several shortcomings ( 25 ) including the consideration of only cervical cancer as a HPV transmission outcome ( 21 ) and multiple additional assumptions: (1) of monogamy or serial monogamy with few lifetime partners without the consideration of polygamous societies ( 20 ); (2) of heterosexual relationships, thus discounting the potential for HPV spread through bisexual contact and by way of men who have sex with men ( 26 ); (3) of penile-vaginal intercourse, thus minimizing the consideration of digital and oral spread of HPV; (4) of the presence of gender equity without consideration of women's structural barriers (such as lack of autonomy, early marriages, and lack of education); and (5) of a uniform geographic and other social determinant acceptability of HPV vaccination. These assumptions may contribute to inequities as well as mistrust and misinformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender neutral HPV vaccination programs: Reconsidering policies to expand cancer prevention globally

Dykens

Peterson

Holt

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for many cancers in both women and men. Cervical cancer, caused by HPV, is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, even though it is one of the most preventable cancers. Prevention efforts include HPV vaccination, however these programs remain nascent in many countries. In 2020 the World Health Assembly adopted the Global Strategy for cervical cancer elimination including a goal to fully vaccinate 90% of girls with the HPV vaccine by the age of 15. However, very few countries have reached even 70% coverage. Increased vaccine availability in the future may allow the opportunity to vaccinate more people. This could add to the feasibility of introducing gender-neutral HPV vaccination programs. Adopting a gender-neutral HPV vaccine approach will reduce HPV infections transmitted among the population, combat misinformation, minimize vaccine-related stigma, and promote gender equity. We propose approaching programmatic research through a gender-neutral lens to reduce HPV infections and cancers and promote gender equality. In order to design more effective policies and programs, a better understanding of the perspectives of clients, clinicians, community leaders, and policy-makers is needed. A clear, multi-level understanding of these stakeholders' views will facilitate the development of target policy and programs aimed at addressing common barriers and optimizing uptake. Given the benefit of developing gender-neutral HPV vaccination programs to eliminate cervical cancer and address other HPV associated cancers, we must build knowledge through implementation research around this topic to inform policy-makers and funders for future policy shifts.

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Who Will Benefit From Expanding HPV Vaccination Programs to Boys?

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

HPV vaccine for men: Where to? (Review)

HPV vaccine for men: Where to? (Review)

Uncertainty and sensitivity of the sexual behavior changes to the current human papillomavirus vaccination campaign in Spain

Gender neutral HPV vaccination programs: Reconsidering policies to expand cancer prevention globally

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