Who Were the Hyksos?

Maaranen, Nina; Zakrzewski, Sonia R.; Schutkowski, Holger

doi:10.1086/723141

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More studies are exploring the impact of trade and interconnectivity to population structures in the Middle Levantine region (Elias, 2016; Haber et al, 2020; Maaranen et al, 2022; Mardini et al, 2023; Nassar, 2019). The Middle Bronze Age led to an increase and intensification within and between regions in the eastern Mediterranean, but responses were varying; some sites have provided evidence of an influx of migrants (Stantis et al, 2020; Stantis, Kharobi, Maaranen, Macpherson, Bietak, Prell, & Schutkowski, 2021), accompanied by the presence of diverse material culture (Bader, 2012), while in others, the expansion of the MBA trade network has not correlated with newcomers (Stantis, Maaranen, Kharobi, Nowell, Macpherson, Doumet‐Serhal, & Schutkowski, 2021; Stantis, Maaranen, Kharobi, Nowell, Macpherson, Schutkowski, & Bourke, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The rise of coastal Middle Bronze Age Levant – A multidisciplinary approach for investigating in Sidon, Lebanon

Maaranen

Stantis

Kharobi

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesThe Levantine Middle Bronze Age (MBA, circa 2000–1500 BCE) marks a period of increased trade and regional interaction, spurred on by technological developments. In light of previous research exhibiting limited mobility in Sidon, further investigation was conducted using biodistance analysis to understand local population history and site development.Materials and MethodsDental nonmetric traits, a proxy for genetic information, were explored using ASUDAS on a sub‐sample of primary inhumations (n = 35). The biodistance matrix was generated using Gower distance measures, and further tested using PERMDISP, PERMANOVA, Mantel test and hierarchical cluster analysis. The data was also contrasted to 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O as well as δ13C and δ15N values.ResultsThere were no significant diachronic differences in isotopes values, and there was biological continuity (n = 35, Mantel test r = 0.11, p = 0.02, comparing local phases and biodistance). The analysis also suggested of a sub‐group of individuals with biological proximity shared a more limited range of mobility and dietary habits.ConclusionsThe isotopes (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C, δ15N) and biodistance analysis conducted on the Sidon College site skeletal assemblage exhibits stability and continuity of the people, despite the site's increasing role in the maritime network. This continuity may have been a key factor in Sidon's success, allowing it to accumulate wealth and resources for centuries to come.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%