2021
DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190344
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Who Smokes in Europe? Data From 12 European Countries in the TackSHS Survey (2017–2018)

Abstract: Background: Population data on tobacco use and its determinants require continuous monitoring and careful inter-country comparison. We aimed to provide the most up-to-date estimates on tobacco smoking from a large cross-sectional survey, conducted in selected European countries. Methods: Within the TackSHS Project, a face-to-face survey on smoking was conducted in 2017-2018 in 12 countries: Bulgaria,

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Cited by 62 publications
(62 citation statements)
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“…†Sample size (N) is the unweighted number of e-cigarette non-users for each corresponding country-level characteristic.‡aOR were estimated multilevel logistic random-effects models, to take into account the heterogeneity between the countries. Estimates in bold are statistically significant at 0.05 level.§Reference category.¶Geographical area was categorised into Northern Europe (Ireland, Latvia and England), Western Europe (France and Germany), Southern Europe (Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain) and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Poland and Romania) according to United Nations M49 Standard,35 by the World Bank gross domestic product (GDP) per capita into GDP per capita36 ≤25.000€ (Bulgaria, Latvia, Romania, Poland, Portugal and Greece) and GDP per capita>25.000€ (England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and Spain), by score of37 Tobacco Control Scale≤50 (Bulgaria, Poland, Portugal, Latvia, Greece and Germany) and Tobacco Control Scale>50 (England, Ireland, France, Romania, Italy and Spain), by country’s total smoking prevalence into <20% (Ireland, Italy and England), 20%–30% (Germany, Latvia and Poland) and >30% (Bulgaria, France, Greece, Portugal, Romania and Spain)33 and by country’s total population e-cigarette use prevalence into <1% (Poland, Portugal and Spain), 1%–4% (Bulgaria, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia and Romania) and >4% (France, Greece and England). The latter two were estimated from the TackSHS survey data.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…†Sample size (N) is the unweighted number of e-cigarette non-users for each corresponding country-level characteristic.‡aOR were estimated multilevel logistic random-effects models, to take into account the heterogeneity between the countries. Estimates in bold are statistically significant at 0.05 level.§Reference category.¶Geographical area was categorised into Northern Europe (Ireland, Latvia and England), Western Europe (France and Germany), Southern Europe (Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain) and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Poland and Romania) according to United Nations M49 Standard,35 by the World Bank gross domestic product (GDP) per capita into GDP per capita36 ≤25.000€ (Bulgaria, Latvia, Romania, Poland, Portugal and Greece) and GDP per capita>25.000€ (England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and Spain), by score of37 Tobacco Control Scale≤50 (Bulgaria, Poland, Portugal, Latvia, Greece and Germany) and Tobacco Control Scale>50 (England, Ireland, France, Romania, Italy and Spain), by country’s total smoking prevalence into <20% (Ireland, Italy and England), 20%–30% (Germany, Latvia and Poland) and >30% (Bulgaria, France, Greece, Portugal, Romania and Spain)33 and by country’s total population e-cigarette use prevalence into <1% (Poland, Portugal and Spain), 1%–4% (Bulgaria, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia and Romania) and >4% (France, Greece and England). The latter two were estimated from the TackSHS survey data.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There was relatively small sample size in each country (approximately 1000 subjects), but the total sample size is large enough to draw an overall inference. Finally, this study had some differences in sampling methods across countries 33. However, we ensured the representativeness of the sample in proportion to each country’s population aged 1 ≥5 years by applying the weight factors into the analyses.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Despite the recent separation of the UK from the EU, we included it for its relevancy towards this study. Since April, Spain, Italy and Belgium have remained in the top five countries with the highest mortality rate ( [30]. Lastly, data regarding several contributors that lead to liver disease-related deaths from 31 European countries showed the main cause to die from liver disease in Spain and Italy is liver cancer, with the highest hepatocellular carcinoma incidence being observed in the later [31].…”
Section: Mortality Rate and Common Covid-19 Comorbidities Data In Eurmentioning
confidence: 99%