Abstract:Failing to share control, the U.S. risks driving disaffected countries to establish their own competing, independent root servers, thus creating parallel Internets.
“…The initiative has been praised by numerous commentators, with one having suggested that 'its open multi-stakeholder nature can give it legitimacy, thus making it an important player in crystallising opinion on important issues'. 21 Its lack of teeth and regulatory claws appear however to be an inherent weakness of the initiative. As such, and in common with many other multi-lateral regulatory initiatives which are relatively toothless tigers in terms of sanctioning power, in order to gain regulatory traction and desirable levels of G. Gilligan and D. Bowman regulatory compliance, those who are regulated must ascribe sufficient levels of inherent legitimacy to the purposes and processes of relevant regulatory infrastructures.…”
The rapid progression of the Internet has impacted dramatically on contemporary society, transforming communications, business and trade. The global nature of the Internet has challenged traditional models of regulation. What has emerged is a new international framework, governed by an increasing number of actors and regulatory processes. By drawing upon the regulatory experience of the Internet, including an examination of the forces and dynamics that have shaped the regulatory framework, this paper considers the regulatory developments of another emerging and ubiquitous technology, nanotechnologies. It examines the rapid advancement and promise of nanotechnology-based products and processes, and the policy and regulatory challenges facing government, regulators, and industry alike. The paper argues that while the regulatory future for nanotechnologies appears to be uncertain, and highly contested, regulatory regimes will most likely reflect the commodities and services that the technology helps to produce. Anything other than this is unlikely because the 'nanotechnology genie' is already out of the bottle, and regulatory issues will evolve as the nature of the technology itself evolves.
“…The initiative has been praised by numerous commentators, with one having suggested that 'its open multi-stakeholder nature can give it legitimacy, thus making it an important player in crystallising opinion on important issues'. 21 Its lack of teeth and regulatory claws appear however to be an inherent weakness of the initiative. As such, and in common with many other multi-lateral regulatory initiatives which are relatively toothless tigers in terms of sanctioning power, in order to gain regulatory traction and desirable levels of G. Gilligan and D. Bowman regulatory compliance, those who are regulated must ascribe sufficient levels of inherent legitimacy to the purposes and processes of relevant regulatory infrastructures.…”
The rapid progression of the Internet has impacted dramatically on contemporary society, transforming communications, business and trade. The global nature of the Internet has challenged traditional models of regulation. What has emerged is a new international framework, governed by an increasing number of actors and regulatory processes. By drawing upon the regulatory experience of the Internet, including an examination of the forces and dynamics that have shaped the regulatory framework, this paper considers the regulatory developments of another emerging and ubiquitous technology, nanotechnologies. It examines the rapid advancement and promise of nanotechnology-based products and processes, and the policy and regulatory challenges facing government, regulators, and industry alike. The paper argues that while the regulatory future for nanotechnologies appears to be uncertain, and highly contested, regulatory regimes will most likely reflect the commodities and services that the technology helps to produce. Anything other than this is unlikely because the 'nanotechnology genie' is already out of the bottle, and regulatory issues will evolve as the nature of the technology itself evolves.
The groups of experts in different fields usually need to collaborate in a distributed way such that solutions can be investigated with multi-view and multi-level in analysis and modeling of large-scale, sophisticated systems. Consequently, how to organize, supervise, and evaluate such a distributed modeling networked-team has become an important problem. The methodology and platform-DCMS (Distributed Cooperative Modeling System) have been put forward to support collaboration over such networked-team. In addition, a Soft-Agents network system is designed to perform supervising and collaborating teams and individuals in the networked-team, based on their working progress, diligence, modeling complexity and model updating frequency. Such supervising enable judgment on working characteristics and modeling quality of each team and individual separately, in turn provide a basis for future optimization and coordination of the networked-team organization.
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